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1.
East Afr. Med. J ; 91(7): 232-244, 2014. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261370

ABSTRACT

Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni and urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium are widely distributed parasites in several localities of the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya; the former being more prevalent. In Kenya; transmission of the intestinal form of bilharzia (S. mansoni) tends to be closely confined to narrow zones along the shores of large bodies of water such as Lake Victoria where it is endemic and the intermediate host is found. The prevalence of S. mansoni along the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin ranges between 40. Objective: To assess the community's knowledge and perceptions of schistosomiasis prevalence; transmission and control in relation to aquatic habitats in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: The Kenyan Lake Victoria basin. Subjects: Two hundred and forty three individuals (both women and men residing in the beaches and surrounding areas) were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions regarding schistosomiasis. Results: The community regarded schistosomiasis as a naturalistic disease not caused by supernatural forces but by an agent of contamination in water. Knowledge on schistosomiasis transmission and control was low; with 42of the respondents having no idea on how schistosomiasis is contracted; while 22 and 18of the respondents mentioned contact with contaminated water and drinking / eating dirty water / food; respectively. Most respondents were familiar with the snails' habitats; but had poor knowledge on aquatic plants harbouring snails; as 57of the respondents did not know about aquatic plants being associated with schistosomiasis snails. Only 3 of the respondents associated snails with schistosomiasis transmission. Sixty percent (60) of the respondents mentioned use of tablets and injections as means of treating schistosomiasis; while 38 had no idea how it is treated and 2 mentioned use of local herbs and services of medicine men. Conclusion: Majority of Kenyan Lake Victoria basin inhabitants had little awareness about schistosomiasis despite high prevalence of the disease in the region. There is need to adapt prevention and control strategies to the people's livelihoods. There is also need to target the less advantaged members of the community such as women; uneducated and subsistence farmers for intense health education strategies aimed at increasing participation in the control of schistosomiasis. Study to elicit divergence between biomedical and local understandings of schistosomiasis/bilharzia is suggested


Subject(s)
Kenya , Knowledge , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Schistosomiasis/transmission
2.
Rwanda med. j. (Online) ; 69(2): 14-19, 2012.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1269571

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Schistosomiasis; also known as bilharzia or snail fever; is a tropical parasitic disease caused by a trematode platyhelminthes called Schistosoma check for this species in other resources sp. Schistosoma species are transmitted by cercariae penetrating the skin when a person is bathing; washing clothes; fishing or engaged in agricultural activities; involving contact with fresh water that has fecal or urinary contamination; and contains the parasites' snail host. The present study aimed to survey freshwater snails in Kayonza District (Rwanda) especially Lake Muhazi and surrounding water bodies; stream and swamps to assess the potential for transmission of two species of Schistosoma: S. mansoni check for this species in other resources and S. haematobium check for this species in other resources. Methods: Six sites were selected to assess the potential for transmission of schistosomiasis. The intermediate hosts of schistosomes; namely the snails Biomphalaria check for this species in other resources ; Bulinus check for this species in other resources sp. and Lymnaea check for this species in other resources sp.; were collected and brought to the laboratory and investigated to see if trematode cercaria responsible for the disease were present. Results: Snails dissected were not only infected with trematode cercaria but also with annelids and flatworms (Platyhelminths). Cercaria found therein were of two types: furcocercous; probably responsible for schistosomiasis; and gymnocephalous cercaria for fasciolasis: an infection of cattle; goats and sheep. Conclusion: Biomphalaria sp were the major hosts for schistosome cercaria; and most snails collected of this species were infected. Moreover; they were found in large number from all sites. Lymnaea sp; hosts snails for Fasciola cercaria check for this species in other resources ; were also found in a considerable number compared to the low number of Bulinus sp in the region. District and national authorities may wish to further investigate this infestation and identify potential interventions to disrupt the disease transmission


Subject(s)
Bulinus , Schistosomiasis , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Snails
3.
Ethiop. j. health dev. (Online) ; 23(1): 48-56, 2009.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261720

ABSTRACT

Background: Irrigation practices have impact on the distribution of schistosomiasis; so; identifying newly established schistosomiasis transmission foci allows for designing prevention and control strategy. Objective: To establish schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity in relation to development of water bodies for irrigation. Methods: A survey of Results: Among the 1012 males and 998 females examined; 29males and 27.5females were found positive for one or more parasite. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 27in longstanding irrigated; 10.8in recently constructed irrigation schemes and 1.8in the non-irrigated rural localities. In the urban setting; its prevalence was 15.5in areas with water body nearby and 0.5in areas with no water body nearby (P0.0001). New S. mansoni infection foci were detected in Tumuga with a prevalence of 87; Dibdibo (41); Mariam Shewito (25); Adiha (23) and Lekia (9). Conclusion: The increasing risk of schistosomiasis mansoni in the irrigation sites is high. Hence; designing preventive and control strategies concurrent with the development of the irrigation projects will be required to reduce prevalence of schistosomiasis


Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases , Helminths , Schistosomiasis
4.
Med. j. Zambia ; 36(3): 114-118, 2009.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1266401

ABSTRACT

Background: Ectopic localizations of the adult Schistosomes and ova in the genital tract of individuals living in schistosoma endemic areas are common. The infection can affect both male and female reproductive organs; and although it is predominant in adult women; case reports in girls younger than 15 years of age have been documented. Objective: The objective of this review was to determine and document the presence of genital schistosomiasis from biopsy specimens. Methods: Patients' laboratory records at the University Teaching Hospital histopathology laboratory for the period 2001 to 2007 were retrieved and reviewed for reports on the presence of schistosomiasis. Data were analysed by age; sex and biopsy site. Results: Thirty eight (65.5) of the 58 specimens with schistosomiasis were from the genital organs. Female genital tract schistosomiasis was more prevalent (84.2) than male genital schistosomiasis (15.8); p0.001. Schistosomiasis was high in biopsy specimens collected from the cervix


Subject(s)
Biopsy , Schistosomiasis , Schistosomiasis haematobia , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Teaching
5.
Afr. health sci. (Online) ; 8(4): 239-243, 2008.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1256518

ABSTRACT

Background: Schistosoma mansoni was observed and reported in Kuluva hospital Arua District in north western Uganda as early as 1902. S. mansoni is widely distributed in Uganda along permanent water bodies. Objective: To review the litreture on scistosomiasis in Uganda; since 1902. Method: The core literature for this short review was searched from reports and publications by the British colonial Ministry of Health Districts Medical officers and Entomologists. Additional information was obtained from Makerere University Medical School library archives; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine library archives; University of Antrwap; and post independence publications on schistosomiasis in Uganda in various journals. Results: Since it was first detected in 1902 Schistosoma (S) mansoni is more widely distributed in Uganda than S. haematobium. However Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium are of public health importance in Uganda and the importance of migrants and fishermen in disseminating infections into non-infested areas and intensifying infection in areas already infested have been reported. Conclusion: S. mansoni has been on the increase in Uganda whereas S. haematobium is localized in sporadic foci in the north of Uganda. Treatment with praziquantel the drug of choice in Uganda used in schistosomiasis control programme has reduced development of severe schistosomiasis


Subject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Schistosomiasis/therapy
6.
Médecine Tropicale ; 63(3): 267-271, 2008.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266644

ABSTRACT

Une enquete epidemiologique a etemenee au Senegal Oriental - arrondissements de Bandafassi - dans le but d'etablir la prevalence des bilharzioses intestinale et urinaire chez les enfants d'age scolaire de 6 a 14 ans. Les selles et les urines de 505 enfants de 10 villages ont ete examinees; et parallelement les points d'eaux susceptibles de constituer des biotopes pour lesmollusques hotes intermediaires - Biomphalaria sp. et Bulinus sp. - ont ete recenses et explores. L'existence de foyers perennes de bilharziose intestinale dans la region de Bandafassi au coeur de la brousse est etablie. La distribution sporadique de praziquantel se montre efficace mais totalement insuffisante pour eradiquer des foyers de Schistosoma mansoni perennes dans les sites explores


Subject(s)
Child , Schistosomiasis haematobia , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology
8.
Médecine Tropicale ; 64(4): 351-354, 2004.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1266670

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to evaluate the current status of shistosomiasis in the Nkolmebanga region (Lekie) of Cameroon; p rev i o u s ly determined to be a mixed zone harboring both Schistosoma mansoni and S. intercalatum. Study invo lved both malacology with collection and identifi c ation of fre s h water snails in four wat e rpools and para s i t o l ogy with collection and analysis of stools from schoolchildren Five species of freshwater snails were identified including two that were intermed i ate host of Schistosomes; i.e.; Biomphalaria pfe i ffe ri and Bulinus fo rskalii. Only B. pfe i ffe ri species collected from the Momboh and Mbonsoh Rivers shed Schistosoma cercaria. A total of 347 schoolchildren were enrolled but only 200 provided stools for parasitological testing. There were 93 boys and 107 girls. Parisitology demonstrated S. intercalatum eggs in the stools of no children. S. mansoni eggs were identified in the stools of 10 children for a prevalence of 5. Parasitic load ranged from 24 to 1104 eggs per gram of stool. In this study both malacologic and parasitological findings suggested that S. mansoni persists in Nkolmebanga region but that S. intercalatum has disappeared probably as a result of deforestation and urbanization


Subject(s)
Biomphalaria , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis
9.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1277255

ABSTRACT

Les associations Bilharzioses et neoplasies decrites dans la litterature ne sont pas rares. Les plus connues restent l'association Bilharziose-cancer de la vessie; Bilharziose-polype colique surtout observee dans la vallee du Nilten Egypte ou encore l'association Bilharziose-hepatocarcinome.Le lien physiopathologique et immunologique de ces associations reste cependant a prouver; ce qui a ce jour semble privilegier l'hypothese d'une association fortuite.Exegese: nous rapportons dans notre travail; un cas d'association Leucemie Lymphoide Chtonique-Bilharziose mixte a Schistosoma haematobium et Schistosoma mansoni chez une patiente de 51 ans hospitalisee dans le service de medecine interne du CHU de Treichville (Abidjan).Elle a ete revelee par une splenomegalie de type 5 et une polyadenopathie cervicale et inguinale. L'evolution est en regle pejorative


Subject(s)
Leukemia, Lymphoid , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis
10.
Thesis in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1276914

ABSTRACT

Le lac Kabi et les autres retenues d'eau de Bongouanou regorgent diverses especes des mollusques hotes intermediaires de differents trematodes. Nous avons rencontre six especes differentes de mollusques lors de la prospection malacologique : - Biompha!aria pfeifferi (Krauss; 1848); - Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg; 1831); - Bulinus globosus (Morelet; 1866); - Lymnaea natalensis (Krauss; 1848); - Physa marmorata (Guilding; 1822); - Potadoma vogelii (Binder; 1955). Bulinus globusus heberge des schistosomes qui correspondent naturellement a S. haematobium; ce qui suppose l'existence certaine d'un foyer naturel de bilharziose urinaire dans le lac de Kabi. Ce lac constitue aussi; un gite potentiel de transmission naturelle de S. mansoni malgre l'absence de schistosomes dans B. pfeiffei dans notre echantillon. Des cercaires de douves ont ete isolees dans la plupart des mollusques recoltes sauf Physa marmorata qui n'heberge aucune cercaire


Subject(s)
Schistosomiasis/transmission
11.
East Afr. Med. J ; 73(8): 495-8, 1996.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261317

ABSTRACT

Using the Kato katzi technique; 600 people living in Nakiwogo fishing village at Lake Victoria; Uganda; were examined for schistosoma mansoni infection. The total population of this village was estimated between 1;00 and 1;500 mainly consisting of migrants from Western Uganda. Of the 600 individuals in the study group; 328 people (54.7) were found to be infected with S. mansoni. The geometric mean egg count was 422 eggs per gramme of stool. a survey of the snail intermediate hosts for S. mansoni and S. haematobium at Nakiwogo was carried out. The collected snails were tested for cercariae shedding. A significant decrease in the number of Biomphalaria choanomphala and Biomphalaria pfeifferi (52) which both still shed cercariae and Bulinus (52.5) could be observed. There was a lower none-significant decrease of 13.3of the Bulinus globosus population. With a combined approach including community participation in control measures in the form of health education; sanitation; environmental management and chemotherapy; the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was reduced from 54.7to 14.6 in the period of one year


Subject(s)
Biomphalaria , Bulinus , Schistosomiasis
12.
East Afr. Med. J ; 83(8): 502-4, 1996.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261353

ABSTRACT

Four hundred and fifty one human strata living in the three fishing villages of Ndiaga; kabukanga and Rwabikongoro along Lake Albert shore in Kibale District were examined for S. mansoni infection using Kata/Katz method. Of the 451 people; 409(90.7) were found infected with S. mansoni with geometric mean egg count of 561.3 eggs per gram (epg) faeces. Males had significantly higher mean egg counts than females; 608.e epg and 415.6 epg respectively. All S. mansoni infected individuals were treated with praziquantel at 40mg/kg body weight. Other common parasites observed were Ascaris lumbricoides; Trichuris trichiura and hookworms. These were treated with mebandazole. Snail infection rate among the 115 Biomphalaria sudanica and the 56 B. stanleyi were 5.2and 3.6respectively. All the 66 Bulinus (B) tropicus found; were negative for cercariae shedding. The main pulmonate snails were 250 Lymnae natalensis; 500 Pila ovata and 375 Bellamya spp were the commonest prosobranchs followed by Bivalves (101)


Subject(s)
Biomphalaria/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , Schistosomiasis
13.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261835

ABSTRACT

Parasitological and malacological surveys were carried out in the Finchaa Valley; Wallega Region; Western Ethiopia. Stool examination of 960 persons in the 10 communities surveyed showed an average human prevalence of 12.4 per cent for Schistosoma mansoni. Infected individuals were present in 6 communities; but prevalence was greater than 10 per cent in only three of them; reaching 40 per cent among school children in one community. In endemic localities; the intensity of infection in terms of eggs per gram of faeces were 200 and 199 among school children and farm labours respectively. The age specific prevalence and intensity of infection were highest among the 5-14 year age group. The intermediate host of S. mansoni; Biomphalaria pfeifferi were collected from three sites; but transmission was identified at only one site located in the lower portion of the valley. Bulinus truncatus; the potential intermediate host of S. haematobium in Ethiopia; was also present in the area. The occurrence of infected human subjects and snail intermediate host confirm that Schistosoma mansoni is well established in the valley; particularly in the lower portion where a large irrigation development is under way. In this report; the threat posed by the S. mansoni and S. haematobium is discussed and the preventive/control measures to be taken are suggested


Subject(s)
Ethiopia , Medicine , Public Health , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control
14.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1263333

ABSTRACT

An epidemiological survey in September 1991 investigated the prevalence (per cent) and intensity (epg) of soil-transmitted helminth infections in three communities (Rowollon; Kroo Bay and Foria); Sierra Leone. Evidence was found for infections with ascaris lumbricoides; hookworm (probably necator americanus); trichuris trichiura; strongyloides stercoralis and schistosoma mansoni; using a modified kato-katz technique


Subject(s)
Ascariasis , Community Health Services , Cross-Sectional Studies , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis , Trichuriasis
15.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1271982

ABSTRACT

The object of the study was the efficacy of Pyrazimoquinoline (Praziquantel) as an antischistosomicidal drug on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in a community-based chemotherapy trial. The study; which for the first time in Sierra Leone evaluated the efficcacy of Praziquantel; was undertaken in five (5) chiefdoms in Moyamba district. Parasitological surveys were conducted on 483 individuals; randomly selected by stratified sampling. Individuals found positive for S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection were treated with Praziquantel orally; at the recommended dose of 40mg/kg two weeks after parasitological examination. A follow-up parasitological survey to assess the impact of therapy was performed 10 weeks after the administration of the drug


Subject(s)
Drug Evaluation , Praziquantel , Schistosomiasis/drug therapy
17.
East Afr. Med. J ; 68(5): 372-7, 1991.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1261287

ABSTRACT

The intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection in the fishing villages of Bugonga and Kitubulu; and the occurrence of snail intermediate host population in the two villages are described and compared. A total of five hundred and six faecal samples from both villages were examined by modified Kato's technique and the prevalence infection rate at Kitubulu was 40.3pc with mean egg count of 187 eggs per gram(epg) while in Bugonga it was 32.4pc and 126 epg respectively. The snail intermediate host for S. mansoni in the two villages was 2;750 Biomphalaria choanomphala at Kitubulu and 1;268 at Bugonga. But at Kitubulu in the vicinity of the village 185 Biomphalaria peifferi occurred in small localized population. The cercarial screening test conducted on 4;018 B. choanomphala and 185 B. peifferi from the two villages revealed higher snail infection rate for both mammalian and non-mammalian cercariae at Kitubulu than Bugonga. Variations in infection rates both among the inhabitants and host snail populations in the two villages are discussed


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Biomphalaria/parasitology , Child , Disease Vectors , Feces/parasitology , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Mass Screening , Schistosomiasis
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