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1.
Ibom Medical Journal ; 17(1): 29-41, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1525618

RESUMO

Background: Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS) is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by cognitive and somatic symptoms, commonly reported among African students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students and examine its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students from a university in the northwest region of Nigeria. The study utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, stimulant use, course of study, and academic performance. The presence of BFS was assessed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Results:The study included a total of 625 participants, in their young adulthood. The prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students was found to be 62.7%. The majority of affected students were aged 20-30, male, and from the Hausa ethnic group. No significant association was found between stimulant use and BFS. However, there was a significant relationship between the course of study and the occurrence of BFS. Academic performance (CGPA) showed a weak negative association with BFS. Other socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, birth position, type of home, and family income did not predict the occurrence of BFS. Conclusion: The high prevalence highlights the need for attention to mental health issues among this population. The results emphasize the importance of considering the course of study and academic performance when studying BFS. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions for students affected by BFS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Cognitivos , Desempenho Acadêmico
2.
Ibom Medical Journal ; 17(1): 87-90, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1525750

RESUMO

Objective: Malocclusion affects aesthetics, the physical, psychological and social life of a person. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 68 final year (sixty-eight) trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. The research instrument was a self-administered close ended questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value (P<0.05) was regarded as significant. Results: Sixty-one (89.7%) of the respondents were females, while 7 (10.3%) were males. Fifty-seven (83.8%) have heard of the term malalignment of teeth, 53 (77.9%) of the students think malalignment is due to external habits. 61 (89.7%) are aware that few teeth may have to be removed for proper positioning of irregular teeth and 51 (75.0%) were aware that the irregular teeth can be corrected even after 40 years of age. More females were aware of malocclusion and had positive attitude towards orthodontic procedures when compared to the males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion. Majority of the respondents in this study were aware of the term malalignment and had positive attitude towards orthodontic treatment. More females constituted the study population.


Assuntos
Ortodontia , Terapêutica , Métodos , Estudantes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Saúde Bucal
3.
Health sci. dis ; 25(2 suppl 1): 18-22, 2024. tables, figures
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1526760

RESUMO

Introduction. Les urgences chirurgicales néonatales (UCN) se manifestent de la naissance au 28e jour de vieet nécéssitent un traitement chirurgical dans un délai court. L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier les facteurs associés à la mortalité des UCN dans quatre hôpitaux de la ville de Douala.Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale analytique avec collecte de données rétrospective sur une période de 10 ans, allant du 1er Janvier 2013 au 31 Décembre 2022 dans 4 hôpitaux de la ville de Douala à savoir: l'Hôpital Général, l'Hôpital Laquintinie, l'Hôpital Gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yassa, et l'Hôpital Protestant de Ndogbati. Résultats.Laprévalence hospitalièredes urgences chirurgicales néonatalesétait de6,1%. La tranche d'âge la plus représentée était celle de 2 à 7 jours avec un sex-ratio de 1,7. La mortalité était de 48%avec une majorité de décès en post-opératoire (64,4%).Les déterminants de mortalité sur le plan sociodémographique étaient : l'âge à l'admission inférieur à 8 jours (OR= 1,95 ; P<0,001), le sexe masculin (OR=1,51 ; P=0,002); la moyenne prématurité (OR=0,91 ; P<0,001), le poids de naissance < 2500g (OR= 5,15 ; P=0,009), et le délai d'admission > 2 jours (OR=0,73 ; P<0,001). Sur le plan évolutif, les facteurs de mauvais pronostic étaient : les malformations anorectales (OR=2,23; P< 0,001), l'atrésie de l'œsophage (OR=3,63 ; P=0,001), la présence de complications post opératoires (OR= 3,45 ; P<0,001) et le sepsis (OR= 7,87; P=0,037).ConclusionLa mortalité post opératoire est très élevée. Les facteurs associés sont le long délai diagnostic, la prématurité, les pathologies malformatives digestives et le seps


Introduction.Neonatal surgical emergencies (NSE) occur from birth to the 28th day of life and require surgical treatment within a short timeframe. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with mortality in NSE in four hospitals in the city of Douala. Methodology.We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study with retrospective data collection over a period of 10 years, from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2022, in 4 hospitals in the city of Douala, namely: General Hospital, Laquintinie Hospital, Gynecological-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yassa, and Protestant Hospital of Ndogbati. Results.The hospital prevalence of neonatal surgical emergencies was 6.1%. The most represented age group was 2 to 7 days with a sex ratio of 1.7. The mortality rate was 48%, with a majority of deaths occurring in the post-operative period (64.4%). Sociodemographic determinants of mortality were: age at admission less than 8 days (OR=1.95; P<0.001), male sex (OR=1.51; P=0.002); moderate prematurity (OR=0.91; P<0.001), birth weight < 2500g (OR=5.15; P=0.009), and admission delay > 2 days (OR=0.73; P<0.001). In terms of progression, factors associated with poor prognosis were: anorectal malformations (OR=2.23; P<0.001), esophageal atresia (OR=3.63; P=0.001), presence of post-operative complications (OR=3.45; P<0.001), and sepsis (OR=7.87; P=0.037). Conclusion Post-operative mortality is very high. Associated factors include delayed diagnosis, prematurity, digestive malformative pathologies, and sepsis.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios
4.
Health SA Gesondheid (Print) ; 29: 1-8, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1531488

RESUMO

Background: Concerns and misconceptions surrounding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines may account for vaccine hesitancy and low uptake. Aim: To determine prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccine-related misconceptions, and predictors of vaccine hesitancy among South Africans. Setting: Community setting in five districts in KwaZulu- Natal province. Methods: Between August 20, 2021, and September 27, 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, interviewing 300 unvaccinated adults amid the national vaccination campaign. Predictors of hesitancy were identified through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR: 23­39), 86.7% were Black African, 63.2% were male, 53.3% resided in rural communities, and 59.3% (95% CI: 53.8% ­ 64.9%) were classified as vaccine hesitant. The primary reason for not vaccinating was a lack of trust in the vaccine (62.1%). Factors associated with reduced vaccine hesitancy included age (participants aged 35­49 years: OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18­0.64, p = 0.003; participants over 50 years: OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07­0.47, p = 0.0004), previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11­0.87, p = 0.03), and receiving vaccine information from healthcare workers (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10­1.0, p = 0.05). Unemployed (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.1­4.2, p = 0.03) and self-employed individuals (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.27­7.02, p = 0.01) were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates are high in KwaZulu-Natal. Uptake could be enhanced by healthcare workers leading information campaigns with messages targeting younger individuals, the unemployed, and the self-employed. Contribution: This survey provides evidence to improve COVID-19 vaccination uptake in South Africa.


Assuntos
COVID-19
5.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1531582

RESUMO

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as sedentary behaviour, decreased physical activity (PA), and low cardiorespiratory fitness lead to an increased and accelerated risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Medical students tend to adopt sedentary lifestyles due to a demanding curriculum. This may have a negative effect on CVD risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness levels of medical students. Objectives: To compare physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness levels in a cohort of third- and fifth-year undergraduate medical students in a South African university. Methods: Data from 123 third-year and 139 fifth-year medical students in the Graduate Entry Medical Programme (GEMP) at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, were collected. Measurements included CVD risk factors, height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity vital signs and pre-participation health screening questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range] depending whether the data were normally distributed or not. Results: Both groups had low cardiorespiratory fitness when compared to norm values (GEMPI VO2 peak was 29.1 ± 5.9 ml.kg1.min-1 and GEMPIII VO2 peak was 30.0[11.0] ml.kg-1.min-1). Most participants did not meet WHO physical activity requirements (GEMP I: 72%; GEMP III: 78%). There were significant differences in BMI (p=0.046), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.034) and VO2 peak (p=0.00001) between students meeting and not meeting WHO physical activity requirements (p<0.05). Conclusion: Third- and fifth-year medical students at a South African university fail to meet recommended WHO physical activity levels and are below cardiorespiratory fitness norms. Therefore, medical institutions should promote and implement targeted physical activity interventions to reduce the prevalence of low fitness levels and the associated health hazards among their students.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Estilo de Vida
6.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 25(1): 28-37, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1532983

RESUMO

Background: Globally, 296 million people were infected by hepatitis B in 2019, with 1.1 million deaths. Africa is one of the endemic regions. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B remain pivotal to the biosafety of medical students. This study sought to determine the levels of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among students of Pamo University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the predicting factors associated with this knowledge and awareness. The is with the aim of providing recommendations for improving and sustaining biosafety levels for medical and other health-related students of the University. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted amongst 528 randomly selected medical students of PUMS, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were interviewer-administered to collect socio-demographic information and participants' responses to questions on knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and relationships of socio-demographic characteristics and predictive factors with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B were tested using binary logistic regression analysis with p value for statistical significance set at <0.05. Results: A total of 528 students participated in the study, 202 (38.3%) males and 326 (61.7%) females. Most participants (296, 56.1%) were between 15-19 years of age with mean age of 19 ±2.43 years. The mean (±SD) of participants responses with good knowledge of hepatitis B was 249±121.5 while for good awareness, it was 181±88.3. The percentage average for good knowledge and good awareness was 47.2% and 34.2% respectively, with positive correlation between knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B (r=0.720, p<0.0001). Age was significantly associated with participants percentage average knowledge (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, p<0.0001) and awareness of hepatitis B (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.78-0.90, p=0.004). No other factor was significantly associated with knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B except Ijaw tribe (OR=0.4, 95%CI 0.24-0.66, p=0.034) and attendance of Federal Government College (OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.24-0.68, p=0.046). Conclusion: The percentage average good knowledge of 47.2% and awareness of 34.2% for hepatitis B in this study are low, although most participants in the study were between the ages of 15-19 years and in their first and second year of study. This gives room for improvement in knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B with progression in age and year of training. Good knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B are central to the biosafety of medical students. It is recommended that the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) review the current medical school curriculum to increase the teaching of medical and health-related students that will impact more on knowledge and awareness of infectious diseases and infection prevention and control.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Faculdades de Medicina , Conscientização , Hepatite B , Universidades , Conhecimento
7.
Rev. afr. méd. santé publque (En ligne) ; 7(1): 73-91, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1551182

RESUMO

Introduction :La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une intervention à haut impact en matière de survie de l'enfant. Le Sénégal, conformément aux recommandations de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, préconise la SVA dès six mois et tous les six mois jusqu'à cinq ans. Cependant, les données sur le délai de la SVA sont limitées. L'objectif était d'identifier les facteurs associés à la SVA en temps voulu, c'est-à- dire juste à l'âge de six mois. Méthodes : Cette étude transversale a eu lieu à Thiès, une ville située à 70 km de Dakar, capitale sénégalaise. La population d'étude était constituée de 400 enfants âgés de 06 à 11 mois et vus lors des séances de vaccination de routine au centre de santé de référence du district sanitaire de Thiès. La collecte des données a eu lieu du 02 décembre 2019 au 21 janvier 2020 à l'aide d'un entretien individuel avec les mères et du carnet de santé mère-enfant. Le délai de SVA est déterminé en faisant la différence entre la date de naissance et la date où l'enfant a reçu la capsule de vitamine A. Une régression logistique a été réalisée de sorte à identifier les facteurs qui influent sur ce délai ; estimant l'odds ratio ajusté et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%). Résultats : Les enfants sont nés de mères âgées en moyenne de 27,08±6,34 ans. La proportion de ceux ayant reçu les capsules de vitamine A était de 97,24%. En revanche, seuls 59,28% avaient bénéficié de cette supplémentation en temps voulu, c'est-à-dire juste à l'âge de six mois. Les facteurs positivement associés à la SVA en temps voulu étaient la résidence en zone périurbaine (ORa= 3,81 ; IC95%=1,63 ­ 10,1 ; p-value=0,004), le statut maternel sans emploi (ORa=1,75 ; IC95% =11,12 ­ 2,75 ; p-value=0,015), l'âge maternel supérieur ou égal à 35 ans (ORa=2,94 ; IC95%=1,41 ­ 6,48 ; p-value=0,005), le sexe féminin (ORa=1,77 ; IC95%=1,15 ­ 2,74, p-value=0,009), la vaccination par le PENTA 3 juste à l'âge de 14 semaines (ORa=13,5 ; IC95%=2,67 ­ 247, p-value=0,012). Conclusion : La couverture en SVA à l'âge approprié est faible. Beaucoup d'enfants ont bénéficié de la SVA avec un retard ; ce qui les expose à la malnutrition. Les interventions de promotion de la SVA devraient inclure la distribution des suppléments de vitamine A à l'aide des visites à domicile dans la zone urbaine de Thiès, l'aménagement du temps de travail des femmes, la sensibilisation des jeunes mères, l'intégration desservices de vaccination et de supplémentation en vitamine A. Ces efforts de promotion devraient prendre en compte la dimension genre


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino
8.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1551275

RESUMO

La rougeole est une maladie infantile banale, peut être mortelles quand elle est sous-estimée. Nous avons initié cette étude dont l'objectif général est d'analyser le système de surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole dans le district sanitaire de Yopougon-Est.MéthodesNous avons procédé à une évaluation normative de la surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole réalisée en 6 (Six) mois dans ledit district sanitaire. Les critères de sélection nous ont permis de sélectionner 30 personnels de santé impliqués dans la surveillance de la rougeole. RésultatsLes médecins étaient les plus représentés (40%), suivi des infirmiers (33,3%). Les agents avaient plus de 3 ans de service (73,3%). Plus de la moitié des agents étaient formés (56%) la moyenne d'année de service était de 5,33 ans.Dans notre étude, 93,3 % des agents connaissaient la définition d'un cas de rougeole. Les seuils d'alerte et épidémique étaient connus par 56,6% des agents enquêtés. La disponibilité des registres de consultation, fiche de notification hebdomadaire de cas au niveau des structures de santé étaient de 86,7 %. Pour la transmission des données, 70% des enquêtés avaient déclarés que les rapports se transmettaient au district hebdomadairement.Les prélèvements de sang avaient été réalisés chez tous les cas suspects (100%). Les cas confirmés de rougeole représentaient 26,8 % des échantillons.ConclusionLa rougeole est une maladie de l'enfance qui est évitable par la vaccination. Cependant à défaut de vaccination, il est impérieux de mettre en place une organisation pour la détection des cas de rougeole afin d'éviter des épidémies


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Gerenciamento Clínico , Vacinação
9.
Rev. afr. méd. santé publque (En ligne) ; 7(1): 106-120, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1551282

RESUMO

Objectifs: Evaluer le niveau de connaissances, décrire les attitudes ainsi que les perceptions des gestantes sur la césarienne. MéthodesIl s'agissait d'une étude descriptive transversale qui s'est déroulée durant la période allant du 01 Février au 30Avril 2023 (soit 3mois) dans les services des consultations prénatales (CPN) des 6 6 structures de la Ville Province de Kinshasa ; les Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK), le Centre Hospitalier Roi Baudoin 1, l'Hôpital Saint Joseph(HSJ), les Maternités de Kintambo, de Binza et de Kingasani. Un total de 481 gestantes était interrogé dans l'ensemble des formations sanitaires sélectionnées. Les données sociodémographiques et celles relatives à la connaissance, attitude et perception sur la césarienne ont été récoltées par interview et analysées à l'aide des statistiques descriptives. L'évaluation de connaissances était faite selon la cotation suivante; moins de 50% de bonnes réponses (MAUVAISES) ;entre 50% et 70% de bonnes réponses (MOYENNES) et plus de 70% de bonnes réponses ( BONNES ). L'échelle de Likert a servi à l'évaluation des attitudes et perceptions sur la césarienne. Résultats Sur les 481 gestantes interviewées, seulement 16,1% avaient un antécédent personnel de Césarienne, l'âge de moyen de gestantes était de 29 ans, mariées pour la plupart (87,9%), employée (56,4%) avec un niveau d'étude secondaire (49,3%) et un niveau socio-économique moyen (53,8%). La source d'information sur cette intervention était diversifiée chez 39,8% de gestantes et les CPN n'ont contribué que dans 22,4%. Le niveau de connaissance était satisfaisant chez 73, 3% de gestantes. L'attitude des gestantes était négative chez 70,1% la perception par contre était positive à 64,4 %. Conclusion: La majorité de gestantes avait un niveau suffisant de connaissances sur la césarienne et une perception positive alors qu'elle garde une attitude négative face à cette intervention.


Objectives: Evaluate the level of knowledge, describe the attitudes and perceptions of pregnant women about cesarean section. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which took place during the period from February 1 to April 30, 2023 (i.e. 3 months) in the prenatal consultation services (PCS) of the 6 health structures in the City Province of Kinshasa; the University Clinics of Kinshasa (UCK), Roi Baudoin 1 Hospital Center, Saint Joseph Hospital (SJH), Kintambo, Binza and Kingasani maternity wards. A total of 481 pregnant women were interviewed in all the selected health facilities.ResultsAmong the 481 pregnant women interviewed, only 16.1% had a personal history of Caesarean section, the average age of pregnant women was 29 years, most of them married (87.9%), employed (56.4%) with a secondary education level (49.3%) and a socio-economic level. average economic (53.8%). The source of information on this intervention was diversified among 39.8% of pregnant women and antenatal cares only contributed to 22.4%. The level of knowledge was satisfactory in 73.3% of pregnant women. The attitude of the pregnant women was negative at 70.1%, the perception on the other hand was positive at 64.4%.Conclusion:The majority of pregnant women had a sufficient level of knowledge about caesarean section and a positive perception while they maintain a negative attitude towards this intervention


Assuntos
Gestantes
10.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1551352

RESUMO

In Benin, nurses complain of insufficient job satisfaction. This study is the third part of a mixed research project. The aim of this article was to develop an intervention to improve nurses' job satisfaction. Participatory action research with intervention mapping was carried out in 2021. Purposive sampling was used. Interviews and panel discussions were held with 40 participants, nurses and administrative staff from the Djidja and Covè area hospitals. A number of internal factors contributed to the nurses' job satisfaction. However, external factors also militated in favor of insufficient job satisfaction among nurses. This confirms the results of quantitative evaluation of nurses' job satisfaction, in line with a number of authors. The panelists agreed ona major workshop and satisfaction improvement program. They agreed on quantified objectives, a logic model, terms of reference, a logical framework and an evaluation plan. Participants also agreed on the development of nursing work management tools. The determinants of nurses' job satisfaction are examined in depth, some of which are confirmed, also confirming a lack of job satisfaction. The workshop will focus on three interventions selected from the literature, merged and adapted by the participants. None of these interventions has been tested in sub-Saharan Africa. Intervention implementation and evaluation will be the subject of future research. Key words: Benin; Job satisfaction; Nurses; Action research; Determinants; Intervention.Pour citer cet article: ADOGNIBO S. Gérardetal. Job satisfaction among nurses in area hospitals of Djidja and Covè: Determinants and development of intervention in 2021 in Benin. Revue de Médecine et de Santé Publique

11.
Bénin Médical ; 69: 90-95, 2024. tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1554538

RESUMO

Introduction : La fièvre est l'un des motifs de consultation les plus fréquents en milieu pédiatrique. Bénigne dans la majorité des cas, sa prise en charge initiale est du ressort des parents. Objectif: l'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier les connaissances générales des parents d'enfants reçus en consultation pédiatrique du CNHU-HKM et du CHUMEL de Cotonou en 2023 sur la fièvre. Méthodes : Une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique a été menée du 19 Juin au 20 Août 2023 chez les parents d'enfants vus en consultation au CNHU-HKM et au CHUMEL. Les variables étudiées étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les données liées à la connaissance des parents sur la fièvre. Les données collectées ont été paramétrées et recueillies directement via l'application Kobo Collect et elles ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel R 3.6.1.Une p-value≥ 0,5 est considéré comme significatif. Résultats : Au total 258 parents ont participé à l'étude dont 91,1% étaient des mères. L'âge moyen des pères était 38,6 ans ± 8,1 et celui des mères était 33,0 ans ± 7,0. Le niveau d'instruction des pères était supérieur dans 58,1% (n= 150) et celui des mères était le secondaire dans 46,1%, (n=119). La plupart des foyers (53,9%) ne disposaient pas de couverture sanitaire. Environ 6 enfants sur 10 (60,9%) avaient un suivi médical. La majorité des parents (77,9%) avaient un niveau de connaissance moyen et élevé sur la fièvre. Les facteurs associés au niveau de connaissance générale des parents sur la fièvre étaient l'âge de la mère (p=0,012), le niveau d'instruction des parents (p<0,001), l'existence d'une couverture sanitaire (p<0,001), un suivi médical habituel de l'enfant (p<0,001).Conclusion: les connaissances des parents sur la fièvre sont encore insuffisantes à ce jour. L'éducation et la sensibilisation des parents sont à promouvoir pour améliorer la santé de l'enfant


Introduction: Fever is one of the most frequent reasons for paediatric consultations. Benign in the majority of cases, its initial management is the responsibility of the parents. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the general knowledge of parents of children seen at the CNHU and CHUMEL in Cotonou in 2023 regarding fever. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June 19 to August 20, 2023 among parents of children seen in consultation at the CNHU-HKM and CHUMEL. The variables studied were socio-demographic characteristics and data related to parents' knowledge of fever. The data collected were parameterized and collected directly via the Kobo Collect application and analyzed using R 3.6.1 software. Results: A total of 258 parents were enrolled, 91.1% of whom were mothers. The mean age of the fathers was 38.6 ± 8.1 years and that of the mothers was 33.0 ± 7.0 years. The fathers' level of education was higher in 58.1% (n= 150) and that of the mothers was secondary in 46.1%, (n=119). Most households (53.9%) had no health coverage. Around 6 out of 10 children (60.9%) had medical follow-up. The majority of parents (77.9%) had an average to high level of knowledge about fever. Factors associated with parents' general level of knowledge about fever were mother's age (p=0.012), parents' level of education (p<0.001), the existence of health coverage (p<0.001), and usual medical follow-up of the child (p<0.001). Conclusion: Parents' knowledge of fever is still inadequate. Parental education and awareness must be promoted to improve children's health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino
12.
Bénin Médical ; 69: 82-89, 2024.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1554571

RESUMO

Introduction Les dermatoses tumorales sont des néoformations tissulaires dues à une prolifération cellulaire excessive, anormale, anarchique et plus ou moins autonome, aux dépens de la peau et de ses annexes. Ces dermatoses tumorales peuvent être bénignes, malignes ou à malignité limitée. L'objectif de la présente étude est de répertorier l'ensemble des dermatoses tumorales vues en consultation dermatologique au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou. Patients et méthodes Etude transversale rétrospective et descriptive ayant porté sur les dossiers des patients vus pour des tumeurs cutanéo-muqueuses, dans le service de Dermatologie-vénérologie du Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou, de 2009 à 2023. Les données épidémiologiques et cliniques ont été recueillies à partir des registres de consultations puis saisies et analysées avec les logiciels Excel, EPI-DATA et SPSS. Résultats Au total, 15627 nouveaux patients ont été enregistrés, dont 1221 atteints de dermatoses tumorales (7,81%). L'âge moyen était de 33 ans ± 18,71 ; la tranche d'âge la plus représentée était celle de 20 à 39 ans (46,30%). La sex-ratio était de 1,08. Les lésions étaient acquises chez 93,94% des patients. Trente-cinq types de dermatoses tumorales ont été colligés. Les tumeurs bénignes représentaient 95,43% des patients. Elles étaient dominées par les chéloïdes (25,34 %) suivies parles condylomes (17,50 %), les verrues (10,12%), le molluscum contagiosum (7,54 %), l'ensemble formé par les nævi et hamartomes (5,18 %) et les kystes sébacés (4,57 %). Les tumeurs malignes étaient rares et représentées par les carcinomes spinocellulaires (1,14%), basocellulaires (0,30%) et les mélanomes (0,30%). Les tumeurs à malignité limitée sont essentiellement représentées par la maladie de Kaposi retrouvée chez 2,05% des patients. Conclusion Les dermatoses tumorales sont relativement fréquentes en milieu hospitalier au Bénin. Elles sont dominées par les tumeurs bénignes avec à leur tête les chéloïdes et les condylomes


Introduction Tumoral dermatoses are tissue neoformations resulting from excessive, abnormal, anarchic, and somewhat autonomous cell proliferation, affecting the skin and its annexes. These tumoral dermatoses can be benign, malignant, or of limited malignancy. The aim of this study is to catalog all the tumoral dermatoses seen in dermatological consultation at NUHC- HKM in Cotonou. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study based on the files of patients seen for cutaneous or mucosal tumors in the Dermatology-Venereology department of the National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoukou Maga (NUHC-HKM) in Cotonou, from 2009 to 2023. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from consultation registers and analyzed using Excel, EPI-DATA, and SPSS software. A total of 15,627 new patients were registered, of which 1,221 were affected by tumoral dermatoses (7.81%). The average age was 33 years ± 18.71; the most represented age group was 20 to 39 years (46.30%). The sex ratio was 1.08. Thirty-five types of tumoral dermatoses were collected. The lesions were non congenital in 93.94% of patients. Benign tumors accounted for 95.43% of the patients. They were dominated by keloids (25.34%) followed by condylomas (17.50%), warts (10.12%), molluscum contagiosum (7.54%), the group formed by nevi and hamartomas (5.18%), and sebaceous cysts (4.57%). Malignant tumors were rare and represented by squamous cell carcinomas (1.14%), basal cell carcinomas (0.30%), and melanomas (0.30%). Tumors with limited malignancy were primarily represented by Kaposi's disease found in 2.05% of patients. Conclusion Tumoral dermatoses are relatively frequent in the hospital setting in Benin. They are dominated by benign tumors, headed by keloids and condylomas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ferimentos e Lesões
13.
Bénin Médical ; 69: 21-27, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1554712

RESUMO

Introduction: L'altération de la qualité de vie est l'une des conséquences de l'infection chronique au virus de l'hépatite C. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'impact du traitement par les antiviraux à action directe (AAD) sur la qualité de vie des patients atteints d'hépatite C à Cotonou. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive et analytique, avec un recueil de données à la fois rétrospectif et prospectif sur une période de 5 ans allant du 1er décembre 2015 au 1er septembre 2020. Etaient inclus tous les patients atteints d'hépatite C traités par les AAD dans la Clinique Universitaire d'hépato-gastroentérologie du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou. L'efficacité était évaluée par la réponse virologique soutenue (RVS) à 12 semaines après la fin du traitement. Le questionnaire SF-36 était utilisé pour évaluer la qualité de vie des patients atteints d'hépatite C, avant et après traitement. Résultats : Pendant la période d'étude, 206 patients ont été colligés. Ils étaient constitués de 33,5% d'hommes et 66,5 % de femmes, soit une sex-ratio de 0,5. La moyenne d'âge des patients était de 62,0 ± 1,7 ans (extrêmes de 18 et 87 ans). La charge virale moyenne en UI/ml était de 3.507.336,9 ± 1.156.443,98 (extrêmes de 3422 et 75.674.348 UI/ml). Le score SF-36 était statistiquement plus élevé pour tous les items après le traitement par AAD (p˂0,05). Conclusion: Les antiviraux à action directe constitue un traitement qui améliore significativement la qualité de vie des patients atteints d'hépatite C à Cotonou.


Background: Impaired quality of life is one of the consequences of chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on quality of life in patients with hepatitis C in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with both retrospective and prospective data collection over a 5-year period from 1 December 2015 to 1 September 2020. All patients with hepatitis C treated with DAAs at the University Hepato-Gastroenterology Clinic of the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou were included. Efficacy was assessed by the sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. The SF-36 questionnaire, the reference measurement instrument, was used to assess the quality of life of hepatitis C patients before and after treatment. Results: A total of 206 patients were enrolled during the study period. They comprised 33.5% men and 66.5% women, giving a sex ratio of 0.5. The mean age of the patients was 62.0 ± 1.7 years, (extremes 18 and 87 years). The mean viral load in IU/ml was 3,507,336.9 ± 1,156,443.98 (extremes 3,422 and 75,674,348 IU/ml). The SF-36 score was statistically significantly higher for all items after DAA treatment (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals are a treatment that significantly improves the quality of life of hepatitis C patients in Cotonou.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Hepatite C
14.
Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med. (Online) ; 16(1): 1-3, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1554856

RESUMO

According to the World Health Organizations (WHO) family medicine forms the bedrock upon for accessible, affordable and equitable healthcare for any country. The need for family doctors is more acute for low income countries like The Gambia. More so that The Gambian health infrastructure is suboptimal and appropriate health personnel is low. This is worsened by brain drain leading to poor health indices. Despite these challenges and more, the department of Family Medicine was accredited for training in the Gambia with improved infrastructure (at the training centre), with 7 residents. Though there are still challenges there are also opportunities and strengths. There is therefore hope that the right personnel will be produced for an improved Gambian health system.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Atenção à Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Saúde da Família , Medicina de Família e Comunidade
15.
J. afr. imag. méd ; 16(1): 10-16, 2024. figures
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555056

RESUMO

Objectif.Depuis 2008, la Haute Autorité Sanitaire recommande la réalisation du scanner cardiaque dans le diagnostic des cardiopathies congénitales. Celui-ci aide à confirmer et préciser les anomalies mal définies à l'échocardiographie. Dans les pays développés, le scanner cardiaque est un examende routine pour le diagnostic des cardiopathies congénitales. En Côte-d'Ivoire, sa pratique est récente.L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les techniques et résultats des scanners cardiaques pédiatriques réalisés dans une structure privée à Abidjan.Matériels et méthodes.Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive rétrospective sur une période de 2 mois qui a inclus tous les enfants reçus à la clinique la rosette pour la réalisation d'un scanner cardiaque indiqué pour l'évaluation d'une cardiopathie congénitale. Les examens ont été réalisés sous sédation légère pour les enfants de moins de 7 ans.Résultats.Vingt scanners cardiaques pédiatriques ont été réalisés. Les indications des scanners cardiaques pédiatriques étaient la tétralogie de Fallot (15 cas), l'atrésie pulmonaire à septum ouvert (APSO) (2 cas), la communication inter auriculaire (CIA) (1 cas), la CIA associée à une communication interventriculaire (CIV) (1 cas) et la sténose pulmonaire supra valvulaire (1 cas). Dans les cas de Tétralogie deFallot et d'APSO, les branches pulmonaires et les collatérales aorto-pulmonaires ont été visualisées et mesurées. Pour le bilan de , un retour veineux pulmonaire non visualisé à l'échocardiographie a été retrouvé au scanner cardiaque. Dans tous les cas, un bilan tomodensitométrique malformatif était réalisé : recherche d'anomalies coronaires et d'arcs aortiques.Après réalisation du scanner cardiaque, 5 enfants ont bénéficié d'une cure chirurgicale. On notait une concordance entre les diagnostics peropératoires et tomodensitométriques


Objective. Since 2008, the French National Authority for Health recommends the use of a cardiac scanner for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. It helps to confirm and clarify abnormalities that are poorly defined on echocardiography. In developed countries,cardiac CT is a routine examination for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. In Côte d'Ivoire, its practice is recent. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 2 months which included all children received at the Rosette clinic for a cardiac scan indicated for the evaluation of congenital heart disease. The examinations were performed under light sedation for children under 7 years of age. Results. Twenty paediatric cardiac scans were performed. The indications for the paediatric cardiac scans were tetralogy of Fallot (15 cases), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PAVSD) (2 cases), atrial septal defect (ASD) (1 case), ASD associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) (1 case) and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (1 case). In cases of Tetralogy of Fallot and APSO, pulmonary arteries and aorto-pulmonary collaterals were visualised and measured. For the assessment of ASD, an anomalous pulmonary venous return not visualised on echocardiography was found on cardiac computed tomography (CT). In all cases, a malformative CT scan was performed: search for coronary, aortic arch. After the cardiac, 5 children underwent surgical treatment. There was concordance between the intraoperative and CT diagnoses. Conclusion. In our experience, cardiac CT now represents, minimally invasive, complementary diagnostic tool for the evaluation of congenital heart disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatias Congênitas
16.
J. afr. imag. méd ; 16(1): 33-41, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555058

RESUMO

Objectifs.Evaluer l'apport de la TDM thoracique dans le diagnostic de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects en prenant comme référence le Test RT ­PCR et secondairement déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques associés au Test RT ­PCR.Matériels etméthodes.Il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective, descriptive à visée analytique, menée au service d'imagerie du CHU de Libreville. Aux vues de la disponibilité des dossiers nous avons exploité ceux de la période d'activité de mars à juin 2020, soit une période quatre mois. Cette étude a inclus tous les patients ayant une infection à COVID-19 confirmée par la réaction de polymérase en chaine en temps réel (RT ­PCR), après écouvillonnages nasal et/ou pharyngé et / ou les signes typiques de la pneumonie à COVID-19. Pour déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 associées au test RT ­PCR nous avons comparé 25 patients avec un test RT ­PCR négatifs et 119 patients avec un test RT ­PCR positifs. Une valeur de p < 0,05 était considérée comme significative. La sensibilité de la TDM thoracique a été calculée à l'aide de la relation, Sensibilité=VP/ (VP+FN), (VP : vrai positif de la TDM : TDM positive et test RT PCR positif ; et le FN : Faux négatif de la TDM : TDM négative et test RT PCR positif). L'analyse statistique a été rendu possible grâce au logiciel SPSS 25. Résultats. En régression logistique multivariée, les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 positivement associés à un test RT ­PCR positif étaient :verre dépoliOR = 33,236, IC95% [6,939 ­59,192], p=0,0001), la condensation alvéolaire (OR = 8,093 [1,488 ­44,013]; p=0,016). La sensibilité du scanner thoracique pour le diagnostic de la COVID-19, chez les patients suspects était de 93,2%, la spécificité de 64,2% avec une valeur prédictive positive de 90,2% et une valeur prédictive négative de 73,0%.Conclusion.Le diagnostic scanographique de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects est aisé avec une bonne sensibilité et spécificité. La présence des anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques à type de verre dépoli et de condensation alvéolaire est associéeà un test RT ­PCR positif


Objective. Evaluate the contribution of Thoracic CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients by taking the RT ­PCR Test as a reference and secondarily determine the impact of the RT ­PCR Test on characteristic scan abnormalities, in the service of thoracic imaging at Libreville University Hospital.Materials and methods. This was a retrospective, descriptive study with an analytical aim. In view of the availability of files, we used those from the period of activity from March to June 2020, i.e. a four-month period. To determine the impact of the RT ­PCR test on characteristic scan abnormalities, we compared 25 patients with negative RT ­PCR and 119 patients with negative RT ­PCR. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. The sensitivity of chestCT was calculated using the relationship, Sensitivity=VP/(VP+FN), (VP: true positive of CT: positive CT and positive RT PCR test; and FN: False negative CT: negative CT and positive RT PCR test). Statistical analysis was made possible using SPSS 25 software.Results. In multivariate logistic regression, CT abnormalities characteristic of COVID-19 were positively associated with a positive RT ­PCR: ground glass, (OR = 33.236, 95% CI [6.939 ­59.192], p = 0.0001), condensation alveolar (OR = 8.093 [1.488 ­44.013]; p = 0.016). The sensitivity of chest CT for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients was 93.2%, the specificity of 64.2% with a positive predictive value of 90.2% and a negative predictive value of 73. 0%.Conclusion. CT diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients is easy with good sensitivity and specificity. The presence of characteristic scan abnormalities such as ground glass and alveolar condensation is associated with a positive RT ­PCR tes


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , COVID-19
17.
J. afr. imag. méd ; 16(1): 28-32, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555119

RESUMO

L'IRM corps entier de diffusion 1,5T est une technique d'imagerie qui fournit des renseignements aussi bien morphologique que fonctionnel avec de nombreuses indications notamment dans les pathologies cancéreuses. Objectif: Faire le bilan d'activité de l'IRM corps entier en insistant sur son apport dans la pathologie cancéreuse. Méthodologie:Etude transversale descriptive avec collecte rétrospective des donnéesincluant les patients ayantréalisé une IRM corps entier pourtumeur maligne sur une période de quatre ans. La saisie et l'analyse des données ont été réalisées grâce aux logiciels Epi Info.Résultats:31,19% des patients avaient un âge compris entre 61 et 70 ans. Le cancer de la prostate était le plus représenté avec 34,68% suivi du cancer du sein 31,45%. L'IRM corps entier était réalisée pour le bilan d'extension dans 39,52% et dans 37,10% pour un bilan d'évolutivité. Les localisations métastatiques étaient observées dans 49% des cas avec une atteinte prépondérantede l'étage abdomino-pelvien 72,13%. Les localisations métastatiques osseuses étaient de 73,77%,hépatiques 26,23% et pulmonaire 14,75%. Les atteintes ganglionnaires de 57,14%. Une progression tumorale a été observée chez 53,33% des patients lors du suivi.Conclusion: L'IRM corps entier permet une fine analyse dans l'évaluation de la pathologie cancéreuse pour l'extension tumorale, la réponse thérapeutique et la recherche de cancer primiti


1.5T whole-body diffusion MRI is imaging that provides both morphological and functional information.It presents several indicationsparticularly in oncology. Objective: Assess the activity of whole-body MRI, emphasizing its contribution to oncologyMethodology:Descriptive retrospective study of patients who had undergone whole-body MRIfor malignancy over a four-year period. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi Info software.Results:31.19% of patients were between 61 and 70 years old. Prostate cancer was the most represented with 34.68% followed by breast cancer 31.45%.Whole-body MRI was requested for an extension assessment in 39.52% and 37.10% for progress assessment. It revealed metastatic abnormalities in 49%. Abdomino-pelvic region was the most affected area with 72.13%. Metastatic organ involvement was predominantly in the bone 73.77%, followed by the liver 26.23% and the lung14.75%. Lymph node involvement was 57.14%.Tumor progression was observed in 53.33% of patients during follow-up.Conclusion:Whole body MRI allows a fine analysis in the evaluation of the cancerous pathology for the tumor extension, the therapeutic response and the search for primary cancer


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Osso e Ossos
18.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 25(2): 181-192, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555748

RESUMO

Background: The use of contraceptive devices predisposes women to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) globally. Despite the high incidence of VVC and antifungal resistance to azoles, the genetic diversity and resistance pattern among contraceptive users in Nigeria is poorly investigated. This study therefore sought to characterize and determine the phylogenetic breadth of Candida species as well as their resistance to antifungal agents. Methodology: This study recruited 1,600 women using contraceptive devices who visited selected gynaecology and obstetrics clinics in northcentral Nigeria. Candida species were isolated and characterized using conventional methods and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was used to characterize the diversity of Candida species and primer-specific PCR was used to detect the presence of resistant genes. Agar well diffusion technique was used for the determination of antifungal susceptibility profiles. Data analysis was done by Kruskal-Wallis Chi-square test on R Console software version 3.2.2, followed by post-hoc Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction for multiple pairwise comparisons of means where there was a significant difference between the antifungal agents. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 710 (44.3%) out of the 1,600 women using contraceptive devices had VVC with five species of Candida identified in them. Although Candida albicans was the predominant (43.2%, n=307) species, other non-albicans Candida species include Candida (Nakaseomyces) glabrata (19.0%, n=135), Candida tropicalis (15.8%, n=112), Candida parapsilosis (8.9%, n=63), and Candida akabanensis (13.1%, n=93) which were phenotypically identified as Candida (Nakaseomyces) glabrata. All the Candida species showed varying degrees of susceptibilities to voriconazole, fluconazole and nystatin. However, resistance of C. albicans to fluconazole was 29.0%, C. tropicalis to nystatin (46.0%) and to voriconazole (14.0%), while C. akabanensis was 100.0% resistant to voriconazole and fluconazole. Kruskal-Wallis Chi-square test showed nystatin as the most effective antifungal agent against the Candida species (χ2=786.03, df=2, p<0.001). Also, resistant gene Erg11 was identified in all the Candida species that were phenotypically resistant to the antifungal agents tested. Conclusion: Women using contraceptive devices in northcentral Nigeria harbor phylogenetically diverse Candida species including C. akabanensis, an uncommon cause of VVC. Of these Candida species, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. akabanensis were notable for multidrug drug resistance as well as harboring Erg11 resistance gene.


Assuntos
Mulheres
19.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 25(2): 219-226, 2024. tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555746

RESUMO

Background: The prevalent utilization of medicinal plants in communities underscores their promise as antimicrobial agents amid rising antibiotic resistance. This study assesses five medicinal plants; Bambusa vulgaris, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Heteropogon contortus, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Methodology: Five medicinal plants were chosen based on traditional knowledge and ethnobotanical practices. Phytochemical analysis followed standard methods. Plant extracts were prepared using ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane. Various concentrations (R conc., D1 conc., D2 conc, D3 conc, and D4 conc) of the extracts were evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth dilution methods to ascertain antimicrobial properties, including minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed abundant saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, notably higher with ethanol extraction. Hibiscus sabdariffa demonstrated potent activity against S. Typhi with inhibition zone diameters of 29.00 mm (R conc), 27.00 mm (D1 conc), 14.00 mm (D2 conc), and 4.00 mm (D3 conc). Heteropogon contortus exhibited activity against S. dysenteriae with inhibition zone diameter of 25.05 mm (R conc), 15.00 mm (D1 conc), 10.00 mm (D2 conc), and 5.00 mm (D3 onc). The inhibition zone diameters of B. vulgaris were 18.50 mm (R conc), 17.00 mm (D1 conc), and 10.00 mm (D2 conc) against S. dysenteriae. The MIC and MBC were similar for both organisms, with H. sabdariffa (MIC: D3-4.27 mg/mL, MBC: D1-68.25 mg/mL) and H. contortus (MIC: D3-4.69 mg/mL, MBC: R-75.00 mg/mL), while M. oleifera, C. papaya, and B. vulgaris had negligible antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: Hibiscus sabdariffa and H. contortus exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against Salmonella, with MICs of 4.27 mg/mL and 4.69 mg/mL, and MBCs of 68.25 mg/mL and 75.00 mg/mL respectively. Their consistent low MICs against Shigella suggest their potentials for antibiotic production.


Contexte: L'utilisation répandue des plantes médicinales dans les communautés souligne leur promesse en tant qu'agents antimicrobiens dans un contexte de résistance croissante aux antibiotiques. Cette étude évalue cinq plantes médicinales; Bambusa vulgaris, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Heteropogon contortus, Moringa oleifera et Carica papaya contre les isolats cliniques de Salmonella Typhi et Shigella dysenteriae. Méthodologie: Cinq plantes médicinales ont été choisies sur la base des connaissances traditionnelles et des pratiques ethnobotaniques. L'analyse phytochimique a suivi les méthodes standard. Des extraits de plantes ont été préparés en utilisant de l'éthanol, de l'acétate d'éthyle, du dichlorométhane et de l'hexane. Diverses concentrations (R conc., D1 conc., D2 conc., D3 conc et D4 conc) des extraits ont été évaluées à l'aide des méthodes de diffusion sur disque Kirby-Bauer et de dilution en bouillon pour vérifier les propriétés antimicrobiennes, y compris les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) et les concentrations minimales concentrations bactéricides (MBC). Résultats: L'analyse phytochimique a révélé une abondance de saponines, de glycosides cardiaques, de terpénoïdes, de stéroïdes, de flavonoïdes, de composés phénoliques et de tanins, notamment plus élevés avec l'extraction à l'éthanol. Hibiscus sabdariffa a démontré une activité puissante contre S. Typhi avec des diamètres de zone d'inhibition de 29,00 mm (conc R), 27,00 mm (conc D1), 14,00 mm (conc D2) et 4,00 mm (conc D3). Heteropogon contortus a présenté une activité contre S. dysenteriae avec un diamètre de zone d'inhibition de 25,05 mm (R conc), 15,00 mm (D1 conc), 10,00 mm (D2 conc) et 5,00 mm (D3 onc). Les diamètres de zones d'inhibition de B. vulgaris étaient de 18,50 mm (conc R), 17,00 mm (conc D1) et 10,00 mm (conc D2) contre S. dysenteriae. La CMI et la MBC étaient similaires pour les deux organismes, avec H. sabdariffa (CMI: D3-4,27 mg/mL, MBC: D1-68,25 mg/mL) et H. contortus (CMI: D3-4,69 mg/mL, MBC: R -75,00 mg/mL), tandis que M. oleifera, C. papaya et B. vulgaris avaient une activité antimicrobienne négligeable. Conclusion: Hibiscus sabdariffa et H. contortus ont présenté de puissants effets antimicrobiens contre Salmonella, avec des CMI de 4,27 mg/mL et 4,69 mg/mL et des MBC de 68,25 mg/mL et 75,00 mg/mL respectivement. Leurs CMI constamment faibles contre Shigella suggèrent leur potentiel de production d'antibiotiques.

20.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 25(2): 139-144, 2024. tables
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1555642

RESUMO

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome undergoes high rate of mutation, which results in generation of genetically diverse HCV isolates. There is paucity of data on mutations in the nonstructural 5b (NS5b) gene of circulating HCV and their implications in the Nigerian population. Here, we identified clinically-important mutations in HCV isolates, which may influence response to therapy and disease prognosis. Methodology: HCV RNA was extracted from a total of 301 blood samples collected from 99 symptomatic treatment-naïve hepatitis patients, 125 HIV-infected individuals and 77 asymptomatic blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria. The RNA was reverse­transcribed to complimentary DNA and HCV NS5B gene amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products of 42 HCV were sequenced and sequences were aligned with those from GenBank and HCV databases in MEGA 7.0. Nucleotide sequences were translated to amino acids while substitutions in the amino acids were analyzed with reference to H77 prototype strain of HCV. Results: A total of 10 amino acid polymorphisms were observed from the 42 sequenced NS5B gene, with the major clinically-important amino acid mutations being S15G in 28 (66.7%) participants, T7N (24, 57.1%), G61R (23, 54.8%), S54L (22, 52.4%), G89E (14, 33.3%), T79M (12, 28.6%), and T711 (11, 26.2%). Others were Q67R (7, 16.7%), Q47H (7, 16.7%) and S84F (2, 4.8%). S15G/A/V mutations were more predominant in patients with HIV (76.9%, 10/13) followed by patients with clinical hepatitis (75.0%, 12/16) and blood donors (46.1%, 6/13). Q67R and T71I mutations were not predominant in patients with clinical hepatitis as they were detected in only 31.3% (5/16) and 43.8% (7/16) participants respectively, compared to S15G (75.0%, 12/16), S54L (68.8%, 11/16), G61R/E (68.8%, 11/16) and T7N/S (56.3%, 9/16). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of each of the 10 amino acid polymorphisms detected within patients with symptomatic clinical hepatitis (x 2=9.311, p=0.409), HIV-infected patients (x 2=13.431, p=0.1440) and asymptomatic blood donors (x 2=3.775, p=0.9256). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the distribution between the 3 categories of the study participants except for T79M mutation, which was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (61.5%, 8/13) compared to patients with clinical hepatitis (18.8%, 3/16) and asymptomatic blood donors (7.7%, 1/13) (x 2=10.456, p=0.0054). Conclusion: Mutations in the NS5B gene could be associated with worse prognosis of the disease or antiviral failure due to viral resistance in patients undergoing therapy. The absence of Q47H mutations in majority of the study participants in our study implies that they will not respond well to daprevir and mericitabine. Screening of patients for pre-existing resistant mutations before commencement of therapy and monitoring during and after therapy are recommended.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepacivirus , Infecções por HIV
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