Le cancer de sein diagnostiqué chez l'homme à Kinshasa: à propos de 4 cas / NA

Même si les seins des hommes sont moins développés que ceux des femmes, La littérature mondiale note que le cancer du sein chez l'homme intervient dans moins de 1 % des cas des cancers, et traditionnellement les hommes avec cancer du sein présentent un risque spécial de développer un autrecancer. Les métastases du cancer du sein sont prioritairement au niveau des os avec 62 %. Les causes du cancer du sein chez l'homme demeurent encore inconnues, toutefois les facteurs de risque qui sont documentés concernent les antécédents familiaux du cancer de sein, une prédisposition génétique dans environ 15 % de cas de cancer du sein chez l'homme, liée à une mutation génétique héritée du gène BRCA2. Durant une année (2020), nous avons reçu 4 patients avec cancer de sein au Centre d'imagerie médicale Kokolo à Kinshasa, 3 patients résidants à Kinshasa et un patient venu de la province voisine du Kongo Central; et les investigations sonographiques nous ont permis de classer ces masses tumeur maligne, d'où l'indication de la microbiopsie écho guidée. Cette dernière nous permis de conclure au carcinome infiltrant et l'immunohistochimie nous a permis de classer ces masses en Luminal à cause de la positivité des récepteurs ostrogéniques, les rendant éligibles au schéma tamoxifène. Le cancer de sein est donc aussi une réalité chez l'homme congolais de Kinshasa et du Kongo Central.

Even if men's breasts are less developed than those of women, World literature notes that breast cancer in men occurs in less than 1% of cancer cases, and traditionally men with breast cancer have a special risk of developing another cancer. Breast cancer metastases are primarily in the bones with 62%. The reasons of breast cancer in men are still unknown, however the risk factors that are documented relate to a family history of breast cancer, a genetic predisposition in about 15% of breast cancer cases in humans, linked a genetic mutation inherited from the BRCA2 gene. During the year 2020, we received 4 male patients with breast cancer at the Kokolo Medical Imaging Center in Kinshasa, 3 patients residing in Kinshasa and one patient from the neighboring province of Kongo Central; and sonographic investigations allowed us to classify these malignant tumor masses, hence the indication for echo-guided microbiopsy

Screening for chronic kidney disease and its risk factors in Oghara, Nigeria: a World Kidney Day 2014 report

Background: The risk factors associated with CKD such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity remain prevalent globally, resulting in a high prevalence of CKD especially in developing countries. Screening for CKD and its' risk factors is recommended for high-risk population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CKD in a semiurban community in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the teaching hospital premises at Oghara, after a world kidney day (WKD) health awareness campaign was undertaken in the community. A total of 135 subjects were interviewed and the following measurements were performed: blood pressure, body mass index, blood glucose, dipstick urinalysis, serum creatinine and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using CKDEPI.Results: Mean age was 40 ± 13 years and 69.6% of participants were young. Male to female ratio was 1:4. The prevalence of proteinuria was 4.4% while 10.7% of all subjects had CKD (GFR <60ml/min). Although 11.1% of participants were known hypertensives only 6.7% had high blood pressure on screening. Other risk factors identified were Diabetes mellitus (10.3%), family of history of hypertension (14.1%), family of history of diabetes (9.6%), family of history CKD (1.5%) and obesity (11.9%). Proteinuria, diabetes and family history of hypertension were significantly associated with CKD.Conclusions: CKD and its risk factors are common in the population.Dipstick proteinuria remains a useful and significant indicator of CKD.Community screening for the risk factors of CKD in developing countries is realistic and should be encouraged as a public health priority

Family history as a risk for early-onset type 2 diabetes in Kenyan patients

Early-onset type 2 diabetes is regarded as disease occurring before the age of 40 years. It is well described, and increasing in prevalence, but there is little information from Africa. We therefore assessed the prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes in Nairobi, Kenya; and investigated its association with family history. Of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes, 33 (24%) had an early onset. There was a positive family history of diabetes in 85% of those with early onset, compared with 56% of those with usual onset (p=0.009). This suggests that relatives of those with early-onset type 2 diabetes should have regular diabetes screening

Past Medical History of Blood Transfusion; Surgical Operation; Vaccination against HBV; Cutter Scar and Tattoo; and HBV Infection Among Health Care Workers in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State; Sudan

Background:Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to a range of clinical illnesses. Hepatitisis a general term meaning inflammation of the liver and the most common cause is infection with a variety of different viruses. All of these can cause an acute disease and symptoms lasting several weeks includingyellowing of the skin and eyes; dark urine; extreme fatigue; nausea; vomiting and abdominal pain.Aim:This study examined the prevalence of sero-epidemiologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV)among health care workers (HCWs) in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State; in the year 2004. Itattempted to determine the relation of the past medical history of blood transfusion; surgical operation;vaccination against HBV; cutter scar and tattoo with HBV infection among HCWs.Method:The study is anobservational; cross sectional; facility-based study. It was conducted on stratified two-stage cluster randomsample of 843 subjects. The study followed multivariate analytical techniques; using Multiple DiscriminantAnalysis (MDA); and some non-parametric tests using Chi-square test results:Among the 843 subjectstested for all HBV markers (Anti-HBc; HBsAg; HBsAb; and HBeAg); the prevalence of Anti-HBc; HBsAg;HBsAb; and HBeAg was found to be 57 (CI95:53-60); 6 (CI95:4.0-8.0); 37 (CI95:34-40) and 9 (CI95:7-11) respectively. The prevalence rate differs according to past medical historyfactors. Significant association of past medical history factors was found with seroprevalence of HBsAgmarkers (P0.05). No significant association was found with any of the past medical history factors forseroprevalence of Anti-HBc and HBeAg and HBsAb markers (P0.05).Conclusion:Tattooing and itsduration had shown significant result with HBsAg