Detection des anticorps anti-VIH dans la salive: etude preliminaire

Nous avons examine parallelement le sang et la salive de 129 personnes par 4 tests de depistage du VIH. Les tests utilises sont: l'immunocapture Wellcozyme HIV1-HIV2; le Wellcozyme HIV1-HIV2; le Serodia HIV et le Combotest HIV1-HIV2. Nous avons observe des reactions faussement negatives dans les salives de personnes seropositives. L'importance de la fausse negativite varie selon la trousse et la methode utilisees. Dans les tests executes sur salive; l'immunocapture Wellcozyme est le plus sensible des 4 tests. Il pourrait etre utilise dans le cadre d'une enquete epidemiologique

Etude de la prevalence des anticorps anti-CMV seriques parmi la population congolaise seronegative et seropositive pour le VIH 1

L'objet de cette etude est d'apprecier la seroprevalence des anticorps de classe IgG et IgM dirigee contre le CMV parmi la population generale congolaise et de la comparer a celle observee chez les patients febriles seropositifs pour le VIH 1. Les bilans bacteriologiques; mycologiques et parasitaires sont negatifs. Les serums proviennent de 100 patients seropositifs pour le VIH 1 en ELISA; confirmes en WESTERN-BLOT et d'un groupe temoin de 100 sujets seronegatifs pour le VIH 1 en ELISA. [abstract terminated]

Non-isotopic polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of HIV-1 in Ugandan mothers and infants

Two non-isotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were evaluated by testing blood from 41 HIV-1-seropositive and 16 HIV-1-seronegative Ugandan mothers and 56 of their children (aged 0.5-15.0 months). Amplification of HIV-1 sequences was performed in duplicate using a biotinylated primer pair to the gag region (SK 462-431) and nested primer pairs (JA 17-20) to the pol region of HIV-1. gag sequences were hybridized using a microtiter plate coated with the SK 102 probe followed by colorimetric detection using an avidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and tetramethylbenzidine/peroxide substrate. pol sequences were detected on agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Results of HIV-1 PCR analysis showed that 40 out of 41 (98pc) seropositive mothers and 10 out of 29 (34pc) seropositive children had detectable HIV-1 gag and pol sequences. None of the 16 seronegative mothers nor 27 seronegative or Western blot-indeterminate children had detectable HIV-1 sequences. Our results suggest that non-isotopic PCR methods are sensitive; specific; and potentially useful in the early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in developed and developing countries

Evaluation of rapid tests for HIV antibody screening of blood donors

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is currently the most accepted method used to screen for antibodies to HIV Conventional ELISA assays require from 1.5 to 3.5 hours to complete and an optical density (OD) reader to record results. We have therefore considered the applicability of using rapid tests for the screening of blood donors. The Testpack method is quick to perform; easy to interpret and sensitive. Results indicate that the Testpack method is suitable for the screening of blood donors and in emergency situations

Absence of bacteremia with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in Ugandan patients with AIDS

Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the most common systemic bacterial infection in American patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Blood cultures for mycobacteria were obtained from 50 severely ill Ugandan patients fulfilling the World Health Organization criteria for AIDS and considered late in the course of their illness; 98pc had antibody to HIV by ELISA. All blood cultures were negative. These data suggest that disseminated infection with M. avium-intracellulare is infrequent in Ugandan patients with AIDS; if it occurs at all

HIV; HBV; delta-agent and Treponema pallidum infections in two rural African areas

In order to compare the seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); hepatitis B virus; delta agent and Treponema pallidum infections in two rural populations living in north Uganda (Kitgum district) and in central Burundi (Butezi; Ruyigi region); 448 sera were tested for HBS-Ag; HBS-Ab; and anti-HIV antibodies and screened for syphilis using the T. pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test. HBS-Ag positive sera were also tested for anti-delta antibodies. Overall seropositivity rates in healthy subjects; outpatients and inpatients (non-AIDS) were 14.2pc and 9.5pc in Kitgum district and Butezi; respectively. The prevalence of HBS-Ag and HBS-Ab ranged from 10.0pc to 15.6pc and from 66.2pc to 68.9pc; respectively. In north Uganda the rates of anti-delta positivity were 3.1pc in the overall population and 30.6pc in the HBS-Ag positive subjects. No serum obtained in Butezi was anti-delta positive. In Ugandan people; 64.0pc of anti-HIV positive and 25.8pc of anti-HIV negative patients were also TPHA-positive (P less than 0.01). For Butezi the corresponding figures were 21.4pc and 1.6pc respectively (P less than 0.04). On the contrary; no correlation was found between either anti-HIV or TPHA positives and seropositivity for B and delta hepatitis serological markers. The study demonstrated an association between seropositivities for HIV and T. pallidum (TPHA); suggesting common patterns of transmission. On the contrary; no association seemed to exist between HBV and HIV infections