Sonographic evaluation of the optic nerve sheath diameter and anterior chamber depth of the eye among apparently healthy adults in Kano, Nigeria

Background: Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) by ultrasound is increasingly used as a marker to detect raised intracranial pressure and other eye pathologies. Knowledge of normal ONSD and ACD in a healthy population is essential in the interpretation of pathological conditions.Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the ONSD and ACD of the eye in apparently healthy adults in Kano State.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and cross-sectional study conducted among apparently healthy adults in Kano State from April 2019 to October 2019. Using convenience sampling method, 384 adults participated in the study. An ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research and Ethics Committee of the Kano State Ministry of Health, and informed consent was obtained from all the selected participants. A portable digital ultrasound machine, Nortek CS 3 with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer, was used to obtain ACD and ONSD at 3 mm behind the globe, and the values were recorded in data capture sheet. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.Results: The mean and standard deviation of the right and left ONSDs for males was 4.42 ± 1.38 mm and 4.44 ± 1.41 mm and for the females was 4.39 ± 1.31 mm and 4.41 ± 1.31, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the right and left ACDs for males was 3.16 ± 0.37 mm and 3.14 ± 0.35 mm and for females was 3.12 ± 0.40 mm and 3.11 ± 1.39 mm, respectively.Conclusion: The study has established normative values for the ONSD and ACD of the eye in Kano State, Nigeria

Evaluation of Surgical Outcome after Cataract Surgery with Len Implantation Using air or Elastic to Maintain the Anterior Chamber

Introduction: Findings from specular microscope studies have demonstrated increased endothelial cell loss associated with the use of air for lens implantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome after cataract surgery with lens implantation using air or viscoelastic to maintain the anterior chamber Design: Retrospective record analysis Subjects: Record cards of patients operated for cataract at Sakubva Eye Unit; Mutare; Zimbabwe in the period January - December 2002 Main outcome measures: Operative complications; post operative keratitis; presenting visual acuity at discharge; two and six weeks postoperatively. Results: Record cards of 315 patients were analysed; 207 (65.7) had lens implantation under air; 108 (34.3) had implantation under viscoelastic. Presenting visual acuity at discharge; two and six weeks postoperatively was better or equal to 6/18 in 36.7; 34.4and 52of patients implanted under air compared to 40.7; 35.6and 38.3of those implanted under viscoelastic. Post operative keratitis was observed in 14of patients implanted under air and 12of those implanted under viscoelastic. Vitreous loss was experienced by 1.9and 5.8of patients implanted under air and viscoelastic respectively.Conclusion: Despite reports of increased endothelial cell loss associated with use of air for lens implantation; this study finds no difference in surgical outcome between patients implanted posterior chamber lens under air or viscoelastic

Live Adult Loa-Loa in the Anterior Chamber of a Nigerian female

Background: Live adult loa loa is not usually found in the anterior chamber of the eye. Where this occurs the diagnosis may be missed because of its rare occurrence. As such there has to be a high index of suspicion to be able to make a diagnosis of ocular loaiasis. Aim: To report a case of live adult loa-loa in the anterior chamber of the left eye of a 23-year-old Nigerian female and discuss the management and visual outcome following treatment. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology; University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt. Case Report: A case report of live adult loa-loa in the anterior chamber of a 23-year-old Nigerian female is here presented. In May 2006; a 23 year old female presented at the Eye Clinic with a 3-week history of pain; itching and redness and a one-week history of poor vision in the left eye. Her presenting visual acuity was hand movement on the left and 6/5 on the right. She had a steamy cornea with a sluggishly reactive pupil and an elevated left intra-ocular pressure. An initial diagnosis of pan-uveitis with secondary glaucoma was made and patient commenced on treatment. Patient came back two days and a live adult loa-loa was extracted from the anterior chamber of the left eye. Patient's vision however remained at Counting Fingers despite aggressive treatment with topical and systemic steroids; and systemic diethylcabamazine. Conclusion: Ophthalmologist working in this environment should entertain loaiasis as a differential diagnosis of uveitis since it could masquerade as one and also know the current mode of treatment