Daily tobacco use and problem drinking among urban adults in South Africa: a longitudinal study

Introduction: there is a lack of longitudinal studies investigating daily tobacco use and problem drinking in Africa. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of daily tobacco use and problem drinking and to determine the factors associated with daily tobacco use and problem drinking among urban dwellers in a longitudinal study in South Africa.Methods: electronic interview data were collected from 2213 adults (mean age 45.7 years, SD=15.1; range 20-97) at time 1 (baseline assessment) and Time 2 (12 months follow-up assessment) from one urban centre in South Africa.Results: daily tobacco use only, was at time 1 24.0% and at time 2 23.4%, a decrease of 0.5%. Problem drinking only was at time 1 19.6% and at time 2 21.1%, an increase of 1.5%. Concurrent daily tobacco use and problem drinking increased from time 1 9.5% to 10.3% at time 2, an increase of 0.8%. In longitudinal regression analyses, being male and being born in current city were significantly associated with all three substance use indicators (daily tobacco use; problem drinking; and concurrent daily tobacco use and problem drinking). In addition, older age, not currently married, lower education, underweight and higher levels of perceived stress were associated with daily tobacco use and younger age was associated with problem drinking.Conclusion: high prevalence of daily tobacco use and problem drinking were found among urban dwellers and several socio-demographic (being male, being born in the city, not married and lower education) and health variables (being underweight and perceived stress) were identified which can guide substance use intervention programmes for this population

Consommation d'alcool chez les travailleurs à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Dans le monde du travail, l'alcoolisation de certains travailleurs est une préoccupation aussi bien de l'employeur que des autres salariés. En effet, l'alcool est un facteur démultiplicateur du risque professionnel. Cependant très peu de données sont disponibles dans les pays de la sous-région. L'objectif était d'étudier l'ampleur de la consommation d'alcool chez les travailleurs à Ouagadougou. Nous avons procédé à un échantillonnage stratifié simple. Le questionnaire AUDIT a été administré aux travailleurs ayant donné leur consentement. Les résultats ont été présentés sous formes univariées. L'échantillon était constitué de 350 travailleurs avec un taux de participation de 100 %. La prévalence de la consommation d'alcool était de 65,14 % avec une fréquence de consommation inférieure ou égale à 4 fois par mois chez 50 % des travailleurs. La quantité d'alcool consommée un jour typique de consommation était inférieure ou égale à 4 verres chez 57,02 %. Les travailleurs qui avaient une consommation à faible risque étaient les plus représentés avec 39,43 %. Le sexe masculin, la confession religieuse non musulmane et le niveau d'instruction supérieur étaient les facteurs associés à la consommation d'alcool chez les travailleurs. La consommation d'alcool chez les travailleurs dans la ville de Ouagadougou est importante. Cela interpelle les acteurs de la prévention quant à la nécessité d'en tenir compte dans la politique santé et sécurité au travail en entreprise

Consommation d'alcool en milieu scolaire: Cas des lycéens de la Commune VI du District de Bamako

L'objectif était d'étudier les différents aspects de la rupture prématurée des membranes dans un contexte de pays à ressources limitées. Il s'est agi d'une étude prospective et descriptive à visée analytique, sur une période de 12 mois, dans le département de Gynécologie, d'Obstétrique et de Médecine de la Reproduction du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso. Elle a concerné les gestantes reçues dans notre département chez qui le diagnostic de rupture prématurée des membranes (RPM), sur des grossesses de 28 à 34 semaines d'aménorrhée, a été confirmé à l'issue de l'examen clinique. Nous avons enregistré 38 cas de rupture prématurée des membranes pour 5024 accouchements soit une fréquence de 0,75 %. Ces gestantes étaient surtout jeunes, primipares, femmes au foyer, non alphabétisées, ayant fait peu de consultations prénatales. Les antécédents de ces patientes ont été marqués par des cas de ruptures prématurées des membranes et d'avortement. Ces patientes présentaient en outre soit des infections urogénitales, des présentations irrégulières, des distensions utérines et/ ou un placenta prævia. Cela nous a permis ainsi d'identifier un groupe de femmes que l'on pourrait dans une certaine mesure qualifier de groupe à risque de rupture prématurée des membranes dans notre département. La présence de certains éléments cliniques et paracliniques chez ces patientes, nous a permis d'identifier ce qu'on pourrait appeler des femmes à risque de rupture prématurée des membranes

Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders among bipolar patients at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): A cross-sectional institution based study

At this time, alcohol use is increasing in African countries. The prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) remains unknown in patients with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AUDs among individuals with bipolar disorder in the outpatient department at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital. An institution-based cross sectional study was conducted among 412 bipolar patients attending the outpatient department at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from May ­ July 2015.Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Alcohol use disorder was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-10). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found to be 24.5%. Those affected were predominantly female (58.5%). Being18-29 years of age(AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.34, 11.29), being 30-44 years of age (AOR=4.99, 95%CI: 1.85, 13.46), being unable to read and write (AOR=5.58, 95%CI: 2.026, 13.650), having a secondary education (AOR=3.198, 95%CI: 1.149, 8.906), being a farmer (AOR=4.54, 95%CI: 1.67, 12.32), being employed by the government (AOR=3.53, 95%CI: 1.36, 4.15), being a day labourer (AOR=3.5, 95%CI: 1.14, 10.77), use of other substances during past 12 months (AOR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.99), having a family history of alcohol use (AOR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.29, 3.68), having discontinued medication (AOR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.52, 5.07), having suicidal thoughts (AOR=4.56, 95%CI: 2.43, 8.54), and having attempted suicide (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 3.27, 9.81) were statistically significant to alcohol use disorder using multivariate logistic analysis. The prevalence of co-morbid alcohol use disorder was high. This finding suggests that screening for risky alcohol use should be integrated into routine hospital outpatient care. Further, preventive measures against alcohol use disorder should be established

Trends of alcohol abuse using surveillance data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of Uganda

Introduction: Uganda has the highest alcohol per capita consumption in Africa. Surveillance data was analysed to describe trends in alcohol abuse by gender, identify districts with most cases and describe trends of annual rates by region.Methods: data was from HMIS 108 (inpatient), HMIS 105 (outpatient) forms. Total number of cases was acquired by summing age-aggregated cases by gender in both reports. Rates of alcohol abuse were acquired by dividing annual total cases by annual regional projected population.Results: 57897 cases were reported between 2010 and 2014. Most were males 72% (1963). There is a steady increase in reported cases. All regions show increases in cases reported, the highest being central, western, northern then eastern. Kampala, Kabale, Arua, Gulu, Wakiso reported most cases. Higher numbers among males might be because of a higher genetic risk for disorders. Men are more likely to exhibit risk factors of disorders such as impulsivity making diagnosis simpler. Additionally, biological and social consequences among women may be deterrents to alcohol use. Increasing numbers of cases might be because of social acceptability of alcohol and aggressive advertising. Current legislation limiting alcohol use covers only manufacture and sale, is weak and poorly enforced. High numbers in central region might be due to higher numbers of health centers and population density. Actual numbers are likely to be higher as people with alcohol abuse rarely seek for help. Findings are subject to epidemiological weaknesses: healthcare access bias, referral filter bias, mis classification bias.Conclusion: there is urgent need to address the increasing problem of alcohol abuse especially in central region. The national alcohol control policy should be completed and passed to address issues such as alcohol advertising, taxation and sale of alcohol to minors to limit access. Interventions to address alcohol abuse should be gender specific