RESUMO
Background: Neonatal malaria was said to be a rare entity. However there are increasing reports from many parts of the world about the occurrence of malaria in the newborn. Methods: A review of the literature on this subject was done with emphasis on developing countries. Literature search was done using Medline; as well as local and international journals. Results: The reasons for earlier reported rarity of neonatal malaria; and those for the recent rising incidence are discussed along with diagnostic and management issues. Conclusion: The physician must have a high index of suspicion to make a diagnosis of neonatal malaria; as the clinical features are non-specific and very similar to those of Neonatal sepsis. Neonatal malaria is a contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality; which must be drastically reduced in order to achieve the fourth millennium development goal