Aspects du paludisme a Plasmodium falciparum pendant la grossesse selon les cas observes au CHU de Toamasina Madagascar

Objectif: Decrire les facteurs de risque; les signes cliniques et les complications du paludisme a Plasmodium falciparum pendant la grossesse. Methodes: Il s'agit d'une etude prospective de 12 mois portant sur les patientes enceintes presentant une parasitemie positive au Plasmodium falciparum vues au Service Maternite du Centre Hospitalier de Toamasina. Resultats: Quarante cas de paludisme etaient diagnostiques sur 642 femmes enceintes soit une frequence de 6;23. La transmission etait maximale pendant les saisons humides. L'age inferieur a 19 ans (47;5); la primiparite (62;5)predominaient chez les femmes avec parasitemie positive a Plasmodium falciparum. Les taux de frequentation des consultations prenatales et de la prise d'au moins une dose de etaient faible respectivement de 27;5et de 22;5. La valeur predictive positive des signes cliniques classiques du paludisme etait faible.Les complications etaient dominees par l'anemie maternelle et l'hypotrophie foetale respectivement 40(p0;0001) et 5(p0;05). Conclusion: L'approche diagnostique du paludisme basee sur les symptomes avait une valeur predictive positive faible pendant la grossesse. Une goutte epaisse ou au moins un test de diagnostic rapide doit etre systematiquement realisee devant tout acces febrile

In vivo efficacy study of quinine sulphate in the treatment of uncomplicated P. Falciparum malaria in patients from southwestern Cameroon

Objective: To evaluate clinical, parasitological and haematological responses to quinine sulphate therapy in patients with uncomplicated malaria using the 14-day WHO protocol. Design: Longitudinal study.Setting: The Buea Provincial hospital annex located in South Western Cameroon. Subjects: The study participants consisted of children (≥8 months) and adults (≤50 years) with acute malaria attending the outpatient division of health institutions within Fako Division.Results: Quinine sulphate failure was found in 42% of the patients. Of these 10% were resistant at the RI while 32% were at the RII level. Clinically, the overall success rate (ACR) was 94.2% while therapeutic failures (ETF and LTF) were observed in four patients (5.8%). 27.4% and 17.4% of the patients were anaemic at enrolment and day 14 respectively. The mean PCV levels of the patients increased during the follow-up period except on day three when mean PCV levels dropped. The difference in the mean PCV levels during the follow-up was significant (F=60.29; P=0.0001).Conclusion: The relatively high resistance of quinine sulphate observed in this study suggests the need to monitor the spread of resistance to this drug in the study region

Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to different doses of quinine in vivo and to quinine and quinidine in vitro in relation to chloroquine in Liberia

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has been spreading rapidly after its emergence in 1988 in Yekepa. The in vivo and in vitro susceptibilities to quinine and quinidine, compared to chloroquine, were studied by investigating the number of treatment days required for radical cure and estimating the quinine concentrations concomitantly. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for schizont maturation in all successful in vitro tests were 5.12 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinine and 1.28 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinidine, indicating that all 50 isolates were sensitive to the two drugs. The IC50 and IC90 values were 0.22 and 0.78 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinine and 0.07 and 0.26 x 10(-6) mol/l for quinidine, respectively. In vitro inhibition of parasites by 1.6 x 10(-6) mol/l of chloroquine was obtained in 31 out of 47 isolates, 16 (34%) being resistant. The IC50, IC90 and geometrical mean MIC for quinine were all about two times higher for the chloroquine-resistant than for the chloroquine-sensitive isolates (P = 0.006). P. falciparum infected children (n = 64) were randomly allocated to four groups and treated with quinine (10 mg/kg body weight twice daily) for 1 day (3 doses), 2, and 7 days, respectively. All cleared their parasitaemias by day 4 but 5 out of 15 of those treated with only three doses showed a recurrence of parasitaemia between days 7 and 14; these were considered to be recrudescences. In the other groups, recurrent parasitaemias only occurred between days 17 and 28 and were considered to be reinfections