RESUMO
Background and Objectives: Foreign body (FB) aspiration is a worldwide health problem which can result in life threatening complications. It Most commonly occurs among children younger than 4 years of age; yet aspiration of sharp foreign bodies are seen more commonly in adults; growing up children and adolescents. The aim of this work is to study the demographical features; clinical presentations and management outcome of aspirated sharp metal foreign bodies in a group of Sudanese patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study including all cases of sharp metal foreign body aspiration who presented to the ENT department at Wad-Medani Teaching Hospital; Wad Medani; Sudan during the period from Nov. 2004 to Aug. 2007. Results: Total number of cases was fourteen (n=14). Twelve patients (85.7) were females and two were males (14.3); with a female to male ratio of 6:1. Patient ages ranged from 11 to 35 years with a mean age of 19.6 year. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed in all cases. The types of foreign body were headscarf pin in all females (85.7) and syringe needle in the two male cases (14.3) and were equally encountered in both right et left main bronchi. The foreign bodies were successfully removed using rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia with grasping forceps in 12 cases (85.7); failed in one female patient (7.1) and postoperative mortality encountered in one male case (7.1). Conclusion: The use of headscarf pin is a cultural practice that carries serious health hazard which can be avoided by community health education et awareness. Rigid bronchoscopy is a suitable choice for diagnosis and treatment and should only be performed or supervised by a senior expert bronchoscopist. Sticker manufacturer specifications and trade regulations for scarf pins should be implemented
Assuntos
Broncoscopia , Corpos Estranhos , MetaisRESUMO
The evaluation of heavy metals in canned meat and fish foods sold in Calabar; Nigeria was investigated. Ten samples from six different brands of canned meat and fish sold in Calabar were obtained from randomly selected markets and grocery shops. Each of the different sample types were then pooled together brand-wise and then evaluated for heavy metal deposits; lead; Mercury; Arsenic and cadmium; using standard techniques. Lead level in canned fish (0.988mg/kg); (0.816mg/kg) in meat were significantly higher (P
Assuntos
Comércio , Alimentos , MetaisRESUMO
Lagos lagoon is a highly polluted water body; which receives enormous amount of domestic and industrial wastes from rivers and streams. In this study; two main Lagos urban rivers Odo-Iyaalaro and Shasha rivers that receive industrial effluents and empty into the Lagos Lagoon were examined. The sediments at the bottom of waters play a role in the study of pollution in the rivers. Upstream of Odo-Iyaalaro River (Point 1) receives the largest volume of effluents and showed the highest level of heavy metals in sediments with concentrations of 108.3mg/l for Pb; 805mg/l for Zn; 94.5mg/l for Cu; 31mg/l for Cr and 42.1 mg/l for Cd. Down the river; the levels decreased to 25mg/l for Pb; 64.5 mg/l for Zn; 22mg/l for Cu; 15.9 mg/l for Cr and 1.9 mg/l for Cd. A good correlation was found to exist between the level of Zn in water and sediment; and also between the CEC andsilt-clay of sediments. Shasha River receives relatively fewer amounts of industrial effluents; but is relatively the main receptacle for municipal and land-based waste. The levels of heavy metals in Shasha River were lower compared with that of Odo-Iyaalaro River; with the upstream points showing concentrations of 20.5mg/l for Pb; 25.3mg/l for Zn; 7.9mg/l for Cu; 30.8 mg/l for Cr and 1.5mg/l for Cd. A good correlation exists between the CEC and all the metals determined; and between theorganic carbon and all the metals determined. Compared with literature data; the results of heavy metals gave an indication of pollution