Les cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé / Gynecological cancer in oncology practice in Lomé

Introduction. Les cancers gynécologiques constituent un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé et d'en étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et histo-cliniques. Méthodes. Il s'agitd'une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur tous les cancers gynécologiques reçus en oncologie entre le 1erJanvier 2016 et le 31 Décembre 2021. Résultats. Au total 202 cas de cancers gynécologiques ont été enregistrés. L'âge moyen des patientes était de 54 ans avec des extrêmes de 20 et 88 ans. Les cancers les plus fréquents étaient le cancer du col utérin (n=88; 43,6%), du corps utérin (n= 57; 28,3%) et de l'ovaire (n= 35; 17,4%). Le carcinome épidermoïde était le type histologique le plus fréquent dans le cancer du col (n= 86; 97,7%) tandis que les cancers du corps de l'utérus étaient majoritairement des adénocarcinomes (n=46 ; 80,7 %). Tous les cancers de la vulve et du vagin étaient des carcinomes épidermoïdes et la majorité des cancers de l'ovaire était des tumeurs épithéliales (n=29 ; 82,9%). Les deux-tiers des patients o été diagnostiqué à un stade avancé (stade III et IV) (n=134 ; 66,3%). Conclusion. Les cancers gynécologiques sont fréquents dans notre pratique et majoritairement diagnostiqués à un stade tardif. Cette étude souligne la nécessité d'une détection précoce de ces affections afin d'améliorer le pronostic des patientes.

Introduction. Gynecological cancers are an important public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of gynecological cancer in clinical oncology practice in Lomé. Methods. This was a retrospective study of histopathological confirmed gynecological malignancies conducted in the department of oncology from January 2016 to December 2021. Results. A total of 202 cases were identified. The mean age of patients was 54years [range20-88years]. The most common gynecological malignancy was cervical cancer (n=88 ; 43.6%), followed by uterine corpus cancer (n= 57 ; 28.3%) and ovarian cancer (n= 35 ; 17.4%). The most common histopathological diagnosis of cervical cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (n= 86 ; 97.7%) while most corpus uterine cancers were endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n= 46 ; 80.7 %). Vulval and vagina cancers were squamous cell carcinoma and the majority of ovarian cancers were epithelial tumours (n= 29 ; 82.9%). Two-thirds of patients were diagnosed at the advanced stage (stage III et IV) (n= 134 ; 66.3%). Conclusion. Gynecologic cancers are common in our practice. This study emphasizes the necessity of early detection of these diseases to improve prognostic and patient survival

Profile of gynecological cancers in a tertiary hospital, Eastern Nigeria

Introduction: there is a great diversity in the profile of cancers in the world. This study set out to analyze the profile of gynecological cancer in Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, [FUTHO] (former Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria). Methods: this was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of the records of women admitted in the gynecological ward in FUTHO from January 2020 to November 2022. It was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and reported in simple percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. Results: a total of 1,378 gynecological patients were admitted into the Gynaecological ward of the hospital, out of which 242 (17.6%) were cancer cases. The most common cancer over the three years in review, was ovarian, 81(33.5%), followed by cervical, 66 (27.3 %), endometrial, 65 (26.8 %), choriocarcinoma, 22 (9.1%), vulvar, 6 (2.5%) and vagina, 2(0.8%). The most common gynecological cancers in this study is very different from previous reports from Nigeria and other African countries. The pattern looks like that seen in the developed countries where endometrial and ovarian cancers top the list. Conclusion: this report shows a possible change in lifestyle and improved access to cervical cancer prevention strategies. It is also assumed that all the facilities who have recorded cervical cancer as the most common cancer can actually have a similar result as ours if a more current review is done.

Cervical cancer in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso: Results of a screening campaign by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA screening in Burkina Faso)

This study was conducted to describe the distribution of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix uteri, enumerated during a mass screening in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 577 women aged 18 to 60 years, carried out from November 23 to December 19, 2013, in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the rural commune of Bama. Regarding the screening results, 89 participants (15.4%) were positive for pre-malignant cervical lesions. Chi-square testing and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the likelihood of cervical pre-cancer lesion in the women. Participants less than 29 years old were approximately 3 times more likely to have cervical lesions than participants >39 years. Participants who were parous (1-3 deliveries) and multiparous (four or more deliveries) were approximately 4 times more likely to present with cervical lesions than nulliparous women. Access to screening services is low in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Further research should be conducted to understand the incidence and distribution of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions in Burkina Faso. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:97-103).

Etude du codon 72 du gene p53 dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus au Senegal

Introduction: En dehors de l'infection par le Virus du Papillome Humain (HPV); des facteurs genetiques ont ete impliques dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus. L'allele Arginine du codon 72 du gene suppresseur de tumeur p53 (GC; Arg/Pro); a ete associe a une predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus chez differentes populations. Notre objectif etait d'etudier l'effet de ce polymorphisme chez une population senegalaise atteinte de cancer du col de l'uterus. Patientes et Methodes: 30 patientes atteintes de cancer du col de l'uterus ont ete recrutees et suivies a l'Institut Curie de l'Hopital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar et 93 femmes temoins bien portantes sans cancer du col diagnostique. Pour chaque individu; l'ADN a ete extrait a partir de sang total preleve sur tube EDTA. Le genotypage du codon 72 du gene p53 a ete realise par PCR-RFLP. Resultats et Discussion: Il n'a pas ete retrouve une association significative entre l'allele Arginine du codon 72 de p53 et la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus (p=0;354) de meme qu'il n'a pas ete retrouve de correlation entre l'allele Arginine et les types de lesions histologiques observees au niveau du col de l'uterus. Malgre l'absence d'association du codon 72 avec la survenue du cancer du col de l'uterus; le gene p53 reste toujours d'actualite dans ce cancer de par son role suppresseur de tumeur

Perceived Susceptibility of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Attending Mahalapye District Hospital; Botswana

Cervical cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Botswana. Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical cytology screening has helped to reduce cervical cancer rates dramatically through early detection of premalignant lesions in countries with screening programmes that have been well implemented. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe the women's perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer and the association between socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 300 participants were selected by convenience sampling techniques. Participants' mean age was 37 years (SD=11). Results indicated that cervical cancer screening rates were 39. Most of those that had ever been screened for cervical cancer (64); had been screened in the previous three years. Most of the participants (75) were aware of their perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer. There was a significant association between perceived susceptibility and screening for cervical cancer (c2=20.86; p 0.001). Among those with low perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer; 31 had screened for cervical cancer as compared to 59 screening rates among those with high perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer. Those with high perceived susceptibility were 3.2 times more likely to screen for cervical cancer (OR

Uterine Sarcomas in Port Harcourt; Nigeria a 12-Year Clinico-Pathologic Study

Background : Uterine sarcomas are rare gyneacologic malignancies with a high mortality.There is the need to determine its frequency; clinical presentation and histologic variants.This may form the basis for further research and management inorder to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it. Design : A 12-year hospital based retros- pective clinico-pathological study. Setting : University of Port HarcourtTeaching Hospital (UPTH); Port Harcourt; Nigeria. Subject: Women with histologically diagnosed uterine sarcomas. Method : Previously prepared histologic slides were retrieved and reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to ascertain the histological type of the uterine sarcoma. Clinical data such as the age and the mode of presentation were extracted from the case notes; histology request forms and reports. Results:Eleven histological reports satisfied the criteria for the study which accounted for 0.5and 4of total malignancies and gynaecologic malignancies respectively in UPTH during the period under review. Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors was the most common (36.4).The highest frequency of the tumors occurred in the age group 50-59 years (45.5) and abnormal vaginal bleeding was the most common clinical presentation (36.4). Conclusion : Uterine Sarcomas are rare world wide; most common above the age of 50 years; with variable clinical presentations and associated with high morbidity and mortality rate

Depistage du cancer du col de l'uterus pourquoi et comment ? (2eme partie)

N.A.

Le developpement de la curietherapie des cancers de l'uterus au Cameroun: une assistance internationale coordonnee par l'A.I.E.A

Le 7 fevrier 1992 a lieu a l'hopital General de Douala la pose inaugurale de la premiere curietherapie uterovaginale dans le traitement adjuvant d'un carcinome cervico-uterin. Une nouvelle page exaltante vient d'etre ouverte dans l'utilisation des rayonnements ionisants au Cameroun. Ce fruit est le resultat d'une assistance internationale multivariee lancee par le Professeur D. Chassagne en 1987; qui comportait trois volets; la formation du personnel; l'acquisition de l'equipement et la realisation pratique. Un echo favorable se fait aupres de l'Agence Atomique de Vienne qui octroie le financement de deux unites de curietherapie gynecologique dans les hopitaux generaux de Douala et Yaounde. Avec trois annees de recul; les auteurs presentent une analyse sommaire des resultats obtenus sur la serie de 58 patients traitees; mais aussi des differents ecueils rencontres a l'initiation d'un tel projet dans les pays en developpement

Attitude therapeutique face a une myomatose uterine chez la femme jeune

A Kinshasa; la fibromyomatose uterine est une pathologie qui se rencontre frequemment chez la femme jeune en age de reproduction. Vu ce jeune age; le traitement de la fibromyomatose uterine souleve quelques problemes. Il sera fonction de nombreux facteurs. Le traitement du myome non complique sera fait principalement de progestatifs dans la deuxieme partie du cycle. La chirurgie plus particulierement la myomectomie sera l'operation de choix pour tout fibrome volumineux ou complique chez la jeune femme