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1.
S. Afr. med. j ; 112(2): 102-107, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1358375

RESUMO

Background. Bloodstream infections are an important cause of mortality in children. Blood cultures (BCs) remain the primary means of identifying organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. A shortcoming of BCs is that up to 56% of positive cultures will represent contaminants. Poor adherence to standard practices applicable to BC sampling could explain an unacceptable contamination rate. Objectives. To determine: (i) the BC contamination rate in the departments of paediatrics and child health at two tertiary hospitals in central South Africa; and (ii) BC sampling practices among paediatric clinicians. Methods. The author determined the prevalence of BC contamination by analysis of laboratory data for the period 1 May - 27 August 2019, and assessed possible factors contributing to BC contamination by surveying paediatric medical staff with a self-administered BC practices questionnaire. Results. Of the 244 BCs reviewed, 25.4% were positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (33.3%), Escherichia coli (22.2%), Enterococcus faecium (16.7%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (11.1%). In total, 15.2% of the BCs yielded contaminants and 2.9% had polymicrobial growth. The most common contaminant was CoNS. Approximately 68% of clinicians were not aware of BC sampling guidelines, and even among those who were aware of the guidelines, non-compliance was reported. Conclusions. The BC contamination rate was higher than internationally accepted rates. Educating clinicians on specific BC sampling guidelines is strongly recommended to decrease the high rate of contamination observed in this study.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pediatria , Sangue , Saúde da Criança , Hemocultura , Segurança do Sangue , Centros de Atenção Terciária
3.
S. Afr. gastroenterol. rev ; 17(1): 48-48, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1270172

RESUMO

I was invited to an interest group meeting at Inanda Club, Sandton that was hosted by the Gastro Foundation. It was a beautiful sunny Saturday morning and the room was filled with familiar faces. What better way to spend a Saturday morning: great food, excellent company and brilliant discussions


Assuntos
Segurança do Sangue , Gestão da Informação em Saúde , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente
4.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 66(7): 363-369, 2019.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266340

RESUMO

Introduction : La sécurité transfusionnelle constitue un défi majeur dans les pays en développement. La sélection médicale est un élément essentiel dans la stratégie visant à réduire la transmission d'agents infectieux Mali. Dans ce travail nous avons évalué l'outil utilisé pour le screening pré-don dans l'unité de banque de sang de l'hôpital du Mali. Matériel et Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective du 30 mars 2016 au 14 février 2017 incluant tous les candidats au don de sang. Après la sélection médicale, une qualification biologique a été réalisée au niveau du Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine notamment pour les 4 infections transmissibles obligatoires de l'OMS (VHB, VHC, VIH et Syphilis). Résultats : Au total, 726 candidats au don ont été inclus. La moyenne d'âge était de 30,72 ± 8,8 ans, compris entre 17 et 60 ans. Le sex-ratio H/F était : 8,48. Il s'agissait dans 83,5% des cas d'un don de compensation, 67% étaient à leur premier don. La sélection médicale a permis d'écarter 108 candidats pour des raisons diverses. Sur les 618 candidats retenus, 79 soit 12,8% des PSL n'étaient pas qualifiés pour la distribution pour VIH (0,3%), VHB (10,7%), VHC (1,8%), syphilis (0,3%) et co-infection VHB+VHC (0,3%). Conclusion : Cette étude nous a permis d'identifier quelques insuffisances de l'outil. Nous concluons que cet outil utilisé pour la sélection médicale doit être amélioré


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Segurança do Sangue , Países em Desenvolvimento , Mali
5.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(07): 381-387, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1266306

RESUMO

Introduction : La recherche d'agents infectieux transmissibles notamment des virus des hépatites virales B et C chez les donneurs de sang permet de prévenir ces infections chez les receveurs de sang. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la séroprévalence des virus des hépatites virales B et C chez les donneurs de sang à l'hôpital régional de Kayes et contribuer à la sécurité transfusionnelle.Matériels et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective et transversale portant sur les donneurs de sang à l'hôpital régional Fousseyni Daou de Kayes, menée du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2015. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des registres de don de sang comportant les renseignements pour chaque donneur à savoir l'âge, le sexe, la catégorie du donneur, le résultat de la sérologie des virus des hépatites virales B et C. Les donneurs chez qui ces renseignements n'étaient pas disponibles ont été exclus de l'étude. La recherche d'agents infectieux et le groupage sanguin dans les systèmes ABO et RH (Rhésus) était toujours réalisée au préalable avant le don de sang chez les donneurs familiaux ou occasionnels. Les données ont été traitées au moyen du logiciel Epi info version 6.Résultats : La grande majorité des donneurs étaient des hommes (84%) avec un sex-ratio de 5,2. La tranche d'âge la plus représentée était de 26-35 ans (36%). Il s'agissait d'un don de sang familial ou compensatoire dans 95,6% des cas et d'un don volontaire par des donneurs réguliers ou nouveaux dans 4,4% des cas. La séroprévalence de l'Ag HBs était de 13,1% et celle de l'Ac anti VHC était de 1,4%. Par ailleurs, la séroprévalence de l'Ag HBs et de l'Ac anti VHC était respectivement de 0,13% et de 0,02% chez les donneurs de sang ayant un antécédent transfusionnel.Conclusion : La séroprévalence de l'Ag HBs reste élevée chez les donneurs de sang à Kayes d'une manière générale selon notre étude. Les campagnes de sensibilisation pour la promotion du don volontaire de sang s'imposent pour constituer un stock de sang conséquent pour couvrir les besoins transfusionnels de l'hôpital régional de Kayes


Assuntos
Segurança do Sangue , Mali , População Urbana
6.
J. Public Health Africa (Online) ; 8(2): 172-173, 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1263258

RESUMO

The existence and sustenance of the blood bank depends on blood donors. It is imperative that the donation experience is satisfactory for the donors. Therefore this study was carried out to determine the frequency of undesirable events experienced by the blood donor as part of donor haemovigilance. This was a retrospective descriptive study of the events that occurred amongst the blood donors of the blood bank of a tertiary institution. The blood donor incident book was reviewed for the period of six months. Negative undesirable events occurred in 2% of the donor populations, of which 45.8% could not complete the blood donation process while only 16.7% completed the blood donation process. Mild vasovagal attack occurred in 0.2% of the donor population. Undisclosed deferrable risk factors/ behaviours were identified by the phlebotomist in the bleeding room which made donors unfit for donation even though they had passed the donor screening criteria. This accounted for 20.8% of those with negative experience. Guidelines are required to identify donors that are not likely to complete donation to avoid wastage of time, blood, resources and reduce undesirable experiences


Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Segurança do Sangue/efeitos adversos , Nigéria , Fatores de Risco
7.
Afr. j. lab. med. (Online) ; 5(1): 1-9, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1257313

RESUMO

Background: Despite vast improvements in transfusion services in sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade, there remain serious concerns on the safety and adequacy of the blood supply across the region. Objective: This review paper ascertains the role of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) in improving blood safety and supply adequacy in the region. Method: The state of blood safety in sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed. Meetings, seminars and correspondence were undertaken with key clinicians, scientists and professional bodies in the region, including the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Africa, to examine the suitability of PRT for improving the safety of whole blood transfusion, a prevalent transfusion format in the region. Results: Existing literature suggests that combining PRT with current blood safety measures(such as serology) would improve the safety and adequacy of the blood supply for transfusions in sub-Saharan Africa. This was echoed by the findings of the stakeholder meetings. Conclusion: Following a detailed appraisal of two leading PRT systems, the Mirasol® PRT System and the Cerus S-303 System, we suggest that companies conduct comprehensive toxicological evaluation of the agents used for PRT and publish this in the scientific literature. We also recommend that the safety and efficacy of these technologies should be established in a randomised clinical trial conducted in sub-Saharan Africa


Assuntos
África , Segurança do Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Transfusão Total , Revisão
8.
Kisangani méd. (En ligne) ; 7(1): 265-268, 2016.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1264664

RESUMO

Introduction: La transfusion sanguine sauve des nombreuses vies lors des soins médicaux d'urgence aux sujets souffrant d'insuffisance en un ou plusieurs constituants du sang. En effet, tout bénéficiaire de la transfusion est exposé aux risques d'accidents qui peuvent se manifester précocement ou tardivement. La présente étude se propose d'analyser la pratique de la transfusion ainsi que le profil des donneurs de sang à Kindu en RDC. Matériel et Méthode: une étude transversale rétrospective a été conduite du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2013 au service de pédiatrie de l'Hôpital General de Reference de Kindu (HGRK) en R.D. Congo. Résultat: la fréquence des transfusions était de 23,1%.79,8% des donneurs étaient des donneurs familiaux occasionnels (DFO), 13,8% des donneurs bénévoles (DB) et 6,4% des donneurs fidélisés payés. Aucune recherche sérologique de l'Hépatite B et C, de la Syphilis, de la trypanosomiase et du paludisme n'a été faite chez les donneurs. La sérologie VIH a été recherchée chez tous les donneurs, ensemble avec le dosage d'hémoglobine et le groupage sanguin ABOD. Conclusion: La présente étude remet en question la sécurité transfusionnelle dans la ville de Kindu et interpelle les différents acteurs du programme à mieux faire pour éviter de mettre en danger la vie des milliers d'enfants


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Segurança do Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue
9.
Ghana Med. J. (Online) ; 48(3): 158-162, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1262272

RESUMO

Objective: To determine whether or not pre-donation testing of blood donors affords substantial cost savings without compromise to blood transfusion safety. Predonation testing of blood donors for Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) is done in most developing countries because substantial cost savings are made from resources; materials and man-hours which would have been spent to procure infected blood units. Simple rapid test kits used in pre-donation testing is not as sensitive as the Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) method used in post-donation screening in a quality assured manner. Design: It is a retrospective study where records of pre- and post-donation tests done in donor clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital; between January and December 2010 were retrieved. All processes and inputs were evaluated and costs calculated for predonation testing by simple rapid techniques and post donation screening by ELISA. Results: 5000 prospective donors were tested in the study period. The cost of single rapid Pre-donation testing was less than that of single ELISA Postdonation screen. The cost of double rapid Pre-donation and Post donation ELISA screen exceeded the cost of single post donation ELISA screen. Substantial cost savings were made when single rapid Pre-donation testing is relied on. More blood units were found reactive for the TTIs with the more expensive Postdonation ELISA. Conclusion: Pre-donation testing of blood donors was not cost effective. Although; there is an apparent savings if pre-donation testing is not followed by postdonation ELISA testing; it is done at a compromise to blood transfusion safety


Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue/provisão & distribuição , Doadores de Sangue , Segurança do Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções/transmissão
11.
Afr. health monit. (Online) ; 11: 33-36, 2010. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1256260

RESUMO

In 2005; the WHO Regional Committee for Africa called upon countries to accelerate HIV prevention and to declare 2006 as the Year of Acceleration of HIV Prevention in the African Region. The strategy document that was developed by WHO Regional Office was adopted by the Region's ministers of health in August 2006. The strategy proposed targets to be met by 2010; in line with universal access targets; in areas of HIV testing and counselling; prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; prevention and control of sexually-transmitted infections; blood safety; and access to comprehensive prevention; treatment and care. Specifically; it was envisaged that; by 2010; all districts will provide HIV testing and counselling services; 100100 safe blood and blood products will be ensured; at least 80of pregnant women attending antenatal care will access prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services; at least 80of patients with sexually-transmitted infections will access comprehensive STI management; at least 80of people living with HIV/AIDS will have access to comprehensive prevention; treatment and care services; and condom use in high-risk sexual encounters will reach at least 60. This paper describes the progress made in accelerating key health sector HIV prevention interventions in the Region toward these targets and issues that should be taken into consideration for moving forward the HIV prevention agenda in the health sector


Assuntos
África , Antirretrovirais , Segurança do Sangue , Infecções por HIV , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Organização Mundial da Saúde
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