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1.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1264222

RESUMO

Introduction : Le tétanos est caractérisé par un tableau clinique fait des spasmes musculaires sévères faisant suite à des blessures. La bactérie en cause, Clostridium tétani, a été découverte en 1884 et mise en culture pour la première fois en 1889. C'est une maladie totalement évitable et d'ailleurs quasiment éliminée des pays développés grâce à la vaccination généralisée et à une rigoureuse prophylaxie post-exposition, toutes deux parfaitement codifiées. Objectif : Cette étude rétrospective avait pour but de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs du tétanos au CHR de Maradi au Niger. Matériel et méthodes : Les dossiers de malades hospitalisés au service des maladies contagieuses du CHR de janvier 2011 à aout 2018 ont été évalués. Résultats : Nous avions colligé 49 cas de tétanos sur un total de 2930 malades hospitalisés dans le service soit un taux de prévalence de 1,67 %; 32,65 % des patients étaient âgés de 0 à 15 ans. La porte d'entrée tégumentaire a été la plus fréquemment retrouvée (vingt huit cas). D'autres portes d'entrée ont été notées : fracture ouverte (5 cas), injection intramusculaire (1 cas), ombilicale (2 cas), brulure corporelle (2cas). 57,14% des malades étaient au stade II de la classification de Mollaret. On a enregistré 19 décès sous traitement, soit un taux de létalité de 38,78 %. Le stade clinique des patients à l'admission a été associé au décès avec une P = 0,0030.Conclusion: La sensibilisation des populations, le renforcement du programme élargi de vaccination et l'amélioration de la prise en charge des malades devraient permettre de réduire encore davantage la mortalité liée au tétanos


Assuntos
Clostridium tetani , Progressão da Doença , Programas de Imunização , Níger , Tétano/diagnóstico , Tétano/epidemiologia , Tétano/etiologia , Tétano/prevenção & controle
2.
J. trop. med. hyg ; 95(1): 62-6, 1992.
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1263712

RESUMO

Neonatal tetanus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates in Uganda. A retrospective study has been made of 228 cases of neonatal tetanus seen in Buluba Hospital over the 5-year period of 1985-1989. The number of cases of neonatal tetanus admitted per year to the hospital did not decrease significantly during that period suggesting that the immunization programme aimed at immunization of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid has not had a clear impact. Over 40pc of neonatal tetanus cases came from the two nearest subcounties: Waina and Imanyiro. Over 75pc of admitted cases of neonatal tetanus accounted for 23pc of all deaths among child admissions. More than 90pc of neonatal tetanus cases showed the first symptoms of the illness within the first 14 days of life; the shortest incubation period was 2 days. The average age at onset was 5.6 days and the average age at death was 9.9 days. The need for a more effective immunization programme and more intensified activities to increase the proportion of deliveries attended by trained personnel and improve hygienic conditions during and after deliveries is emphasized


Assuntos
Imunização , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Toxoide Tetânico , Tétano/mortalidade , Tétano/prevenção & controle
3.
Vie et santé ; : 26-28, 1992.
Artigo em Francês | AIM | ID: biblio-1273379

RESUMO

Les taux de vaccination encore faibles meme dans les populations ciblees; la frequence des plaies mal traitees et la survivance de pratiques traditionnelles a risque sont autant de facteurs qui font du tetanos un probleme de sante publique en milieu tropical


Assuntos
Antropologia , Saúde Pública , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Medicina Tropical , Vacinação , Ferimentos e Lesões
4.
Bull. W.H.O. (Online) ; 68(2): 199-208, 1990. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1259751

RESUMO

Reported are the results of an evaluation of process indicators and outputs for the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique which were used to modify immunization strategies from 1985 to 1987. In 1986 according to cluster sample surveys, 84% of children in Maputo, the capital, were fully vaccinated. In other cities in the country, vaccination coverage increased from an average of 36% in 1985 to 55% in 1987. The major determinants of low vaccination coverage were provision of vaccination services at health centres on less than 3 days per week; missed opportunities; and vaccinating too early or with too short an interval between doses. The results of sentinel site surveillance in Maputo indicated that EPI had a marked impact on neonatal tetanus and to a lesser extent on poliomyelitis and measles. Evaluation led to changes in EPI policy in Mozambique (e.g., adoption of a uniform national vaccination schedule and discontinuation of the use of expired vaccine) and strategies (elaboration of different strategies for urban areas, rural areas, and displaced people). Also, performance was improved by involving programme managers and implementors in evaluation, and by providing timely and widespread feedback of results to policy-makers, peripheral health workers, and the community


Assuntos
Imunização , Esquemas de Imunização , Moçambique , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Tétano/prevenção & controle
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