The Effect of Blood Glucose Concentration on the Error Monitoring and Processing System in Alcohol Users During Intensive Mental Activities

ABSTRACT

Background:The error monitoring and processing system (EMPS) located in the substantia nigra of the midbrain; basal ganglia and cortex of the forebrain; plays a leading role in error detection and correction. Although recent data show that alcohol disrupts the EMPS; the mechanism of alcohol's effect on this system remains unknown.Aims: To suggest a hypothesis that explains the processes and mechanism of alcohol-related disruption of EMPS. Methods:We critically examined our recent research data; as well as peer-reviewed literature on the effect of alcohol on blood glucose levels; and cognitive functions. The role of blood glucose concentration in the EMPS; including associated theories and hypothesis were also reviewed. Databases utilised were African Journals On Line; Elsevier; Science Direct; Medline from January 1940 to February 2010 . Results: Blood glucose concentration plays a vital role in the EMPS. The effect of blood glucose concentration on the EMPS is realised through the modulation of the activity of the dopaminergic system by proportional changes in the brain glucose level. Based on current literatures and the results of our recent study; here we suggest a hypothesis of alcohol-related glucose-dependent system of error monitoring and processing.The main postulate of this hypothesis holds that the disruption of EMPS by ethanol is related to disorders in glucose metabolism; which in turn may determine the dopamine level the major component of EMPS.Conclusion: Alcohol may disrupt the EMPS indirectly by affecting dopamine level through disorders in glucose homeostasis regulation