Complications au cours de l'anesthésie pédiatrique: une série descriptive de cas descriptif de l'Hôpital Matanda et des Cliniques Universitaires du Graben en Ville de Butembo, République Démocratique du Congo / Complications during paediatric anaesthesia: A descriptive case series at the Matanda Hospital and the Cliniques Universitaires du Graben in Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo

ABSTRACT

Pediatric anesthesia in developing countries is performed in a context of scarcity of personnel and equipment resources, which puts patients at risk of complications and death. The main objective of this study was to determine the complications occurring during the practice of pediatric anesthesia in Butembo. Methods: A descriptive case series of children aged 0 to 17 who benefited from anesthesia at Matanda Hospital and at the University Clinics of Graben was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Studied parameters included socio-demographic, pre, per and postoperative and perioperative mortality data. Results: Pediatric surgery represented 315 patients (7.2 %,) out of 4,367 surgeries of which 200 constituted the study sample. Boys were 60.0 % of the cases. Wounds represented 18.5% of the cases and ASA class 1 69.0 %. Nurse anesthetists conducted 196 (98.0 %) procedures. General anesthesia was the technique used in 75.0 % of cases. Ketamine was used in 68.8 % of the cases. Orotracheal intubation was performed in 10.5 %. Complication rates were 6.0 % at induction, 5.5 % at maintenance and 4.5 % postoperatively. The death rate was 1.5 %. Conclusion: The complication rate after pediatric anesthesia is still high. Capacity reinforcement of providers, improved equipment and availability of anaesthetics are the cornerstone measures to reduce these complications.