ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be the main cause of cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in smear specimens taken from women who had normal or abnormal cytology using a multiplex PCR method. Methods: The study included 270 women aged between 19 and 69 yr with or without suspicious cervical abnormalities. A Pap smear sample from each patient was cytologically examined, and HPV typing was performed using a multiplex fluorescent PCR method. Those who were high-risk HPV positive and had a normal or abnormal cytology were further evaluated by colposcopy and biopsy. Results: The total HPV positivity was 43 per cent (116/270). HPV positivity in the patients with an abnormal cytology was 77 per cent (33/43), whereas it was only 37 per cent (83/227) in women with normal cytology, which showed a significant difference (P<0.05). HPV positivity was also related to the age group when all the subjects were considered (P<0.05), and the highest prevalence of HPV infection was in the 30-39 yr age group. High-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, 51 and 56 were more common in the normal cytology patients, whereas high-risk HPV types 16, 31, 35, 45, 58 and 68 were commonly found in the abnormal cytology patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The determination of high-risk HPV genotypes in women with clinically suspicious cervical lesions should be conducted during an annual follow-up, irrespective of a normal or abnormal cytology by the age of 30 years or above.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Hip surgery is a major surgery that causes severe postoperative pain. Although pain during rest is usually considerably reduced mobilization is important in terms of thromboembolic complications. The quadratus lumborum block is a regional analgesic technique that blocks T6-L3 nerve branches. This block may provide adequate analgesia and reduce opioid consumption after hip surgery. Case report: We performed continuous quadratus lumborum type 3 block in two patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Postoperative 24-h pain scores, local anesthetic consumptions on patient-controlled analgesia and additional analgesic requirement were recorded. In two patients, postoperative pain scores were less than 6 during rest and physiotherapy. Patient was mobilized in the early postoperative period without additional opioid analgesic requirement and without muscle weakness. Discussion: Continuous quadratus lumborum block may be used to relieve postoperative acute pain in hip surgery because it provides one-sided anesthesia without muscle weakness.
Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia de quadril é uma cirurgia de grande porte que causa dor intensa no pós-operatório. Embora a dor durante o repouso seja consideravelmente reduzida, a mobilização é importante em termos de complicações tromboembólicas. O bloqueio doquadrado lombar é uma técnica analgésica regional que bloqueia os ramos nervosos de T6-L3. Esse bloqueio pode fornecer analgesia adequada e reduzir o consumo de opioides após cirurgiasde quadril. Relato de caso: Realizamos o bloqueio contínuo do quadrado lombar tipo 3 em dois pacientes submetidos à artroplastia de quadril. Durante as 24 hs de pós-operatório foram registrados os escores de dor, o consumo de anestésicos locais em analgesia controlada pelo paciente e a necessidade de analgésicos adicionais. Em dois pacientes, os escores de dor pós-operatória foram < 6 durante o repouso e fisioterapia. O paciente foi mobilizado no período pós-operatório imediato, sem precisar de analgésico opioide adicional e sem fraqueza muscular. Discussão: O bloqueio contínuo do quadrado lombar pode ser usado para aliviar a dor aguda no pós-operatório de cirurgia de quadril porque fornece anestesia unilateral sem fraqueza muscular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Nerve Block/methods , Pain Measurement , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/methods , Abdominal MusclesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In addition to its roles in the stimulation of growth hormone secretion and the regulation of appetite and metabolism, ghrelin exerts immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions in several organ systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each). A segment of colon was excised, and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed in the distal colon. The Ghrelin Group received 10 ng/kg/day IP ghrelin for seven days postoperatively, whereas the Control Group received an identical volume of saline. On the seventh postoperative day, the anastomotic bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were measured, and adhesion formation around the anastomoses was examined. Histopathological analyses were performed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast infiltration, collagen density and neovascularization. RESULTS: In the Ghrelin Group, the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher than in the Control Group. The adhesion formation scores were lower in the Ghrelin Group than in the Control Group. Although the inflammatory cell infiltration was diminished in the Ghrelin Group, the degrees of fibroblast infiltration, collagen density and neovascularization were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that ghrelin improves the healing of colonic anastomoses in rats.