ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os pontos de vista de estudantes de doutorado em enfermagem antes do início e durante o doutorado sobre mudanças no planejamento da carreira e prioridades de pesquisa. Métodos: O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, tendo sido realizado com 16 entrevistas no Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Enfermagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 16 estudantes de doutorado matriculados em diferentes especialidades acadêmicas. Após as entrevistas, as gravações de áudio foram primeiramente transcritas e depois categorizadas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Após análise de conteúdo, três temas principais ("mudanças no planejamento da carreira", "prioridades de pesquisa" e "desenvolvimento") e seis categorias foram formuladas a partir dos dados obtidos. Os participantes afirmaram ter consciência de ter feito várias mudanças nos planos de carreira ao iniciar seu projeto de doutorado, e o trabalho no projeto mudou o desenvolvimento profissional e melhorou as habilidades acadêmicas. Conclusão: Nossos resultados indicam que os estudantes de doutorado devem ser apoiados para serem eficazes na carreira, e a formação no período pós-doutoral também deve ser apoiada. Políticas efetivas em relação ao aperfeiçoamento de enfermeiros doutorandos também devem ser desenvolvidas e implementadas com base em evidências sólidas da utilidade desses suportes.
Resumen Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los puntos de vista de estudiantes de doctorado en enfermería sobre cambios en la planificación de la carrera y prioridades de investigación antes del inicio y durante el doctorado. Métodos: El estudio fue de naturaleza cualitativa, habiendo sido realizado con 16 entrevistas en el Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Enfermería. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con 16 estudiantes de doctorado matriculados en diferentes especialidades académicas. Después de las entrevistas, las grabaciones de audio fueron transcritas, en primer lugar, y luego categorizadas. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Después del análisis de contenido y, a partir de los datos obtenidos, se formularon tres temas principales ("cambios en la planificación de la carrera", "prioridades de investigación" y "desarrollo") y seis categorías. Los participantes afirmaron tener conciencia de haber hecho varios cambios en los planes de carrera al iniciar su proyecto de doctorado: el trabajo en el proyecto cambió el desarrollo profesional y mejoró las habilidades académicas. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados indican que los estudiantes de doctorado deben ser apoyados para ser eficaces en la carrera, igualmente, también es necesario apoyar la formación en el período postdoctoral. Las políticas efectivas en relación con el perfeccionamiento de enfermeros doctorandos también deben ser desarrolladas e implementadas con base en evidencias sólidas de la utilidad de esos soportes.
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the views of nursing doctoral student before beginning and during training doctoral programs about career planning changes and research priorities. Methods: The study was of qualitative design. The study was carried out with 16 interviews with Health Sciences Institute Faculty of Nursing. Individual interviews were with 16 doctoral students enrolled in different academic specialties following the interviews, the audio recordings were first transcribed and then categorized. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: Data was analyzed by content analysis and then three main themes, namely "changes in career planning," "research priorities," and "development," and six categories were formulated from the data obtained. The participants stated that upon starting their doctoral program, they were aware that they had made various changes in their career plans also doctoral program had affected their professional development and improved their transferable skills. Conclusion: This study's results suggest that doctoral students should be supported so that they can be effective in their careers, and that post-doctoral education should also be supported. Effective policies concerning the improvement of doctoral nurses should also be developed and implemented based on evidence demonstrating the usefulness of these supports.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Perception , Research , Students, Nursing , Career Choice , Education, Nursing, Graduate , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Interviews as Topic , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Iron accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and related intensity and volumetric changes in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported previously. There are only a few studies evaluating the relation between neuroradiological findings and clinical scores, with contradictory results. AIMS: In this study we aimed to measure the iron-rich brain areas of PD patients and healthy subjects with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the relation between the clinical scores of PD patients and these imaging results. METHODS AND MATERIALS: T2-weighted MRI findings were studied in 20 patients with PD and 16 healthy controls. The width of SNpc, putamen volume, and the intensity of the basal ganglia were measured. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used for evaluating the clinical status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Mann Whitney U test for group comparisons, Wilcoxon sign rank test for comparisons within the patient group, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for analyses of correlations were used. RESULTS: Mean SNpc and dentate nucleus intensities were lower in PD patients than healthy subjects. Mean SNpc width and putamen volumes were lower in patients. Decrease in the intensity of mean SNpc correlated with high UPDRS and rigidity scores. CONCLUSION: The results of our study reflect the increase in iron accumulation and oxidative stress in the SNpc in Parkinson's disease. The decrease in the intensity of SNpc correlates with poor clinical scores.