Determination of facilitators and barriers in post stroke life, in Kerman city

Stroke is the third leading cause of death, second cause of long-term disability and one of the very important challenging in life. The aim of this research was to explain the barriers and facilitating factors affected on stroke patients' life, and to identify relationship among them with demographic factors and severity of disease. The descriptive-analytic technique was used. All patients who suffered from stroke were recruited in Kerman city. Finally 83 patients were selected, and data were gathered by demographic qualification questionnaire, proven questionnaire by researcher for studying barriers and facilitating factors [after testing validity and reliability], and NIHSS tools. Then, data were analyzed by using descriptive and referential statistics ANOVA test, T-Test, and Pearson coefficient correlation by SPSS software [ver. 16]. The findings showed that patients had more problems in the domains of politics, environmental factors, physical, and economic status. Also, they introduced social support from friends, family and prayer as facilitating factors in their lives. There was a significant positive relationship between age and physical and economical problems. Women have used social support and religious coping more than men. Married patients received more social support and their physical and economic problems raised less. Patients with higher severity of disease had more psychological problems such as depression and worry about future and Patients with lower socio-economic status more faced with barriers

Study of zanjan rehabilitation preparedness in unexpected disasters in 2009

According to the studies, most health services centers were damaged during or after disasters in Zanjan. In order to mobilize and resist in disasters, these centers should have an adequate preparation. The aim of this research is to study preparation level of Zanjan province rehabilitation centers in unexpected disasters in 2009. The methodology of this research wants to study preparation level of 16 rehabilitation centers of Zanjan province in disasters. By using of a checklist and SPSS, all items were surveyed and analyzed. This checklist including demographic information, crisis management structure, Training and cooperation in the health centers. None of Zanjan rehabilitation centers do anything about crisis management structure. Based on results, rehabilitation centers in Zanjan are not in a strong position in planning and preparedness in unexpected disasters. In coordination within and outside the organization, two rehabilitation centers are in a good position and three are normal, while 11 other centers are in a weak status. The results show that the mentioned centers require being prepared at the time of crisis and unexpected disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish some strict rules about crisis management and also preparation programs in the guidelines

Periodontal treatment needs amongst 9-14 year-old institutionalized mentally retarded children in Mashhad, Iran

Periodontal problems seem to be more common in mentally retarded children due to the poorer oral hygiene that in mentally healthy children, but no data are available on periodontal treatment needs in these children in Mashhad. The purpose of this study was to determine periodontal treatment needs of the mentally retarded children in Mashhad, Iran, using the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 258 mentally retarded children aged 9-14 years consisting of 38 educable, 95 trainable and 125 profound children residing in governmental and private centers in the city of Mashhad, Iran were assessed for Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs [CPITN]. For analyzing the results of the study, T-test and analysis of variance [ANOVA] were used. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean CPITN among different age groups was 1.34 +/- 0.49. The mean CPITN increased with age [p=0.01] and with the level of mental retardation [p=0.001]. The treatments needed for most of the children were oral hygiene instruction [74.42%], followed by scaling [23.64%], and extensive periodontal treatments [1.16%]. Only, 0.78% of the population demonstrated healthy periodontal tissue. Mean CPITN was significantly higher in governmental centers than private ones [p=0.02]. It was concluded that the periodontal treatment needs [oral hygiene instruction] of the mentally retarded children was high in Mashhad

Comparison of anesthesia success rate and pain perception in children using 27- and 30gauge short needles

The most important aspect of child behavior management is pain control. Since dental injection is usually considered as the most stressful procedure in dentistry, good pain control during injection and dental procedures is a major factor affecting children's cooperation. The purpose of this study was to compare pain perception and efficacy of anesthesia in inferior alveolar nerve block using 27- and 30-gauge short needles. In this clinical trial study which was conducted according to a split mouth design, 27- and 30-gauge needles were used for all patients. Forty patients between 5 and 8 years of age requiring local anesthesia for pulpotomy treatment in both mandibular second primary molar teeth were selected. Immediately after injections, pain ratings were obtained using face and SEM scales. Both nurses and children were blind about the type of used needles. Data were analyzed using Wilcox on Matched-pairs Signed-ranks Test. The 30-gauge resulted in significantly lower pain than 27-guage needles. The success rate of local anesthesia technique was 95% for both types of needles. There was a significant correlation between the two pain measurement methods for both gauges [p < 0.01]. The mean intensity of pain was higher in girls than boys with both gauges. There was no significant difference between age groups regarding pain intensity. Due to the less pain experience and similar efficacy with the use of 30- compared to the 27-gauge short needles, it can be concluded that the use of 30-gauge needle is more appropriate for inferior nerve block anesthesia in children

Docetaxel and irinotecan as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a pilot study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity and toxicity of the combination docetaxel and irinotecan as first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]. Twenty-two chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB with pleural effusion or stage IV NSCLC received irinotecan 50 mg/m[2] on days 1, 8, and 15, and docetaxel 50 mg/m[2] on day 2, every 28 days until disease progression. Median follow-up was 10 months [range: 2-28 months]. The overall response rate was 36.4% [8/22 patients; 95% confidence interval: 16.8-56.0], with no complete responses. Median time to disease progression was 5 months [range: 1-24 months] and median overall survival was 10 months [range: 2-28]. Grade 3-4 diarrhea was observed in 2 patients [9.1%]. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 2 patients [9.1%]: 1 episode of febrile neutropenia in one patient, and 1 death due to neutropenic sepsis in another patient. One patient received transfusion for grade 4 anemia. Irinotecan showed a moderate response rate and overall survival of clinical interest. Diarrhea was the main toxicity. This regimen may be suitable for patients unable to tolerate cisplatin-based therapy, for elderly and/or for patients with poor performance status, and should be investigated in a larger trial

Efficacy of barberry aqueous extracts dental gel on control of plaque and gingivitis

Herbal extracts have been successfully used in dentistry as tooth cleaning and antimicrobial plaque agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a dental gel containing barberry extracts [from Berberis vulgaris] on gingivitis and microbial plaque control. A double blind clinical trial study was conducted in a dormitory on 45 boys aged 11-12 years having the same socioeconomic conditions. These students were divided into 3 groups; the first group [25 students] using barberry gel, and the second group [10 students] using placebo gel without active ingredient. To compare the activity of our gel with an active antiplaque, a third group of 10 students using Colgate antiplaque toothpaste was also considered. At the beginning all subjects were examined for plaque index [PI] and gingival index [GI]. These tests were re-evaluated after 21 days of using the above mentioned dentifrices. The results showed that barberry gel has reduced the PI for about 56%. This reduction was 18.5% for placebo and 44% for Colgate antiplaque groups. Considering means of PI [API] and GI [AGI] of different groups, there was significant difference between barberry and placebo gel's groups and between placebo and Colgate groups, but the difference between barberry and Colgate groups was not significant. This study indicates that the barberry dental gel effectively controls microbial plaque and gingivitis in the school aged children; therefore, the use of barberry dental gel is strongly recommended

[Diet analysis and its relation to dental health status of Mashhad preschoolers in 2004]

Humans need food to provide energy, growth and development of body. A standard dietary regimen can be established in childhood with satisfactory general and oral health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the food diet of Mashhad preschool children and its relationship to dental health status in 2005. In this descriptive study, 191 randomly selected children [boys and girls], aging 5 to 6 years old from Mashhad kindergartens were evaluated. A 3-day dietary history was recorded to assess children's diet and food guide pyramid was used for analysis, dmft index was also determined. Friedman, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests and pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study showed that 59.2%, 47.1%, 49.2%, 1.6% and 24.6% of children consumed recommended amount of meet and beans, fruits, dairy products, vegetables and grains respectively. The data revealed a sufficient consumption of meat and beans but the amount of vegetable consumption was very poor in study group [P<0.001]. Mean dmft index was 4.5 +/- 4.05 in study group. There was no relationship between each of five main dietary groups and dmft in this study, but there was a reverse correlation ship between the amount of protein and fat consumption with dmft index [P<0.05]. In this cross sectional study, there was a reverse relationship between the amount of fat and protein consumption with dmft index. Nutrition has a great effect on oral and dental health status in long time, so conducting longitudinal studies in this field is recommended

Qualitative evaluation of fluoride ions in different sodium fluoride tablet formulations used for children

Use of fluoride tablet is one of the several ways of fluoridation in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the systemic absorption of fluoride from a generic sodium fluoride tablet, in comparison with a commercial one. This was a double-blind, cross over study. Following ingestion of 1 mg of fluoride in a generic or commercial form, urine samples were collected from 27 healthy boys aged 8-10 years old over a 24-hour period. The urine samples were analyzed by potentiometeric method using fluoride ion selective electrode. Under the identical conditions, the mean 24-hour urinary fluoride excretion rate of the subjects before taking any generic and commercial fluoride tablets were 15.87 +/- 4.68 and 17.51 +/- 6.40 micro g/hr, respectively. The average rates of 24-hour urinary fluoride excretion of the subjects were 25.74 +/- 6.75 and 28.21 +/- 9.23 micro g/hr after the ingestion of generic and commercial fluoride tables, respectively. The mean cumulative amounts of fluoride ion excreted in 24-hour urine collection were 28% and 22% of the administered doses of commercial and generic fluoride tablets, respectively. Results indicated that the systemic absorption of the fluoride ion released from the generic tablet is not significantly different from the commercial one. Therefore, it can be suggested that the tested generic tablets is bioequivalent to the commercial ones

[Comparison of nanoleakage in composite restorations following application of self-etch and total-etch adhesives in primary and permanent teeth]

Nanoleakage can cause discoloration around restoration margins, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity and finally loss of restoration, thus adequate hybrid layer is of primary importance in prevention of nanoleakage in adhesive restorations. Because of structural differences between primary and permanent dentin, evaluation of nanoleakge in primary teeth is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nanoleakage in composite restorations following application of self -etch and total-etch adhesives in primary and permanent teeth. In this experimental study, Cl V cavities were prepared in buccal surfaces of 20 extracted primary molars and 20 extracted premolars. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: In group [A], Gluma One Bond and in group [B], iBond adhesive materials were applied. After silver nitrate staining, specimens were mesiodistally sectioned and polished and then SEM examination was carried out to measure the nanoleakage .Data were analyzed statistically using, ANOVA and Duncan tests with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. Factors tested had no significant effect on each other. Primary teeth showed more nanoleakage than permanent teeth [P<0.05]. Mean nanoleakage was significantly higher in cervical than occlusal margins [P<0.05] and also in iBond than in Gluma One Bond in primary teeth [P<0.05]. In permanent teeth, the lowest nanoleakage was observed in Gluma One Bond. The result of this study indicates that the use of total etch dentin adhesives [Gluma One Bond] in bonded restorations results in less nanoleakage in primary and permanent teeth

[Comparsion of primary enamel discoloration caused by the use of three different iron drops [An in vitro study]]

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common health problem in childhood. One way to meet this important need in the body is to add iron supplement in our diet. This supplement is known as Ferrous sulfate in Iran. Teeth blackness in children especially after taking Iron drops and the parent`s dissatisfaction is one of the most important reasons for visiting a dentist. Generally, parents have an idea that taking iron drops by the children is the cause of tooth decay, therefore they limit this vital supplement in their children`s diet. The aim of this study was to compare of primary enamel discoloration caused by the use of three different iron drops. Quantitative stage: In this first stage of the study, 60 anterior primary teeth were selected and the necessary preparation were made. The level of iron absorption in etch group and the intact one were determined by Atomic absorbtion in 248.3 nonometers long wave and resolution of 0.062ppm. Qualitative stage: In this stage, 7 teeth were put under scan electron microscope [SEM] after the primary preparation. There was no significant difference in the iron absorption on the healthy teeth, between foreign iron drop and the one produced by Mashhad school of pharmacy. But the level of absorption in Iranian Iron drop was significantly higher [P=0.01]. The absorption in etched teeth increased which might have been due to increased surface- [P=0.0001]. There was no significant difference between experimental drops in the etched teeth. Iron drops that produced by Mashhad school of pharmacy had less discoloration on the primary enamel teeth. The more increased surface because of etching, the more change in color was observed and this was most prominent in Iranian iron drop. Color discoloration increased with frequency of iron drop intake

Bilateral sternalis muscles

Bilateral sternalis muscles were observed during dissection of the thoraco-abdominal region of a male cadaver. A full description of the muscles, as well as their attachments and innervations were reported. A brief review of the existing literature, regarding the nomenclature, incidence, attachments, innervations and clinical relevance of the sternalis muscle, is also presented

[Clinical evaluation of class II combined amalgam-composite restorations in primary molars [Pilot study]]

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a thin layer of amalgam placed on gingival floor of class II composite restorations in primary molars. The clinical and radiographic findings and esthetic appearance of these restorations were also studied

Materials and Methods: in this study 30 class II cavities were prepared in primary molars of 18 patients aged 6 to 8 years old [14 restorations in control group and 16 restorations in case group]. In control group, all cavities were filled with posterior composite resin incrementally after total etching and using Scotch bond MP as dentin bonding. In the study group, a layer of 1 mm thick amalgam was condensed on the gingival floor of the proximal box and then composite material was inserted. The restorations were evaluated at the base line, one week, one month and six months later and also bitewing radiograms were taken at the base line and six month later

Results: success rate of restorations regarding anatomical form, marginal discoloration, and color match was 100% in both groups. With regard to marginal adaptation after six months, the rate was 8416% in control group and 86/6 % in study group. None of the patients complained of any pain or discomfort. No secondary caries and no radiographic pathological evidence were observed

Conclusion: it is concluded that long term in-vivo and in-vitro studies should be carried out in order to prove the success rate of the class II combined amalgam- composite restorations