study of air pollution in Alexandria

The present study was conducted in 1975 to assess the magnitude of the problem of air pollution in Alexandria, determine major sources of pollution and their contribution to the overall problem and evaluate the role of metreological features of the city on this problem. Samples of settled deposits and total suspended particulate [TSP], as well as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, were collected from 12 stations distributed throughout Alexandria, and were further-analysed for sulfate, nitrate, chloride, other water-soluble fractions, organic matters, minerals and trace elements. Results revealed: [a] higher level of total deposits on the city than the acceptable one especially in the industrial sector; [b] higher levels of TSP, and sulfate content, than the acceptable levels; [c] variation of the levels of sulfate, nitrate, chloride, organic matters and ash, and the trace elements sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, lead, zinc and copper in the different sectors of the city as related to industrial and human activities there; [d] variation of the levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide as related to industrial and traffic activities and to dispersion of the pollutants by prevailing wind; and [e] that the prevailing metreological conditions have a major impact on the levels of the pollutants. It has been recommended to: [a] limit establishing new industries in only the southern sector of Alexandria [e.g. Amria], [b] transfer industries presenting major pollution sources into this zone with subsequent installment of air pollution control equipment, [c] proper management of traffic, [d] examination of vehicle engines and control of impaired ones, [e] proper management of construction, and [f] management of city cleaning

Study of air quality during public gathering: movie theatres

CO, NO2, CO2, particulates and effective temperatures wee measured in three groups of movie theatres: First class ventilated [Av], first class non-ventilated [An] and second class unventilated theatres [B]. All contaminants increased with increase in percentage occupancy; CO, NO2 and CO2 exceeded their acceptable their acceptable levels at percentage occupancy 50 percent, particulates were several folds higher than acceptable levels. Effective temperature was controlled by both ambient temperature and percentage occupancy. It was particularly uncomfortable in summer during days shows. A marked difference was observed between ventilated and non ventilated theatres, second class theatres [B] had relatively higher concentration than first class theatres [An]. Summer values were lower than winter values due to the opening of windows and doors in hot weather. Excessive contaminants and heat content arose from both cigarette smoking and the natural respiration process of occupants. Enforcement of smoking regulations and forced ventilation [Ai conditioning] systems were recommended in such public gatherings