Comparison of Sit and Reach Test, Straight Leg Raise Test and Visual Analogue Scale When Applying Static Stretching and Mulligan's Two Leg Rotation in Young Adults with Hamstring Shortness

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of Static stretching and Mulligan's Two-leg rotation about the Hamstring flexibility, Hip range of motion, and pain.METHODS: The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups: Static stretching group (n=13) and Mulligan's two leg rotation group (n=14). The study was designed with stretching protocols for four minutes and thirty seconds per day five times a week for three weeks in total. Measurements, including the Sit and reach test, Active/Passive Straight leg raise, and Visual analogue scale, were conducted before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and independent t-test.RESULTS: The flexibility of the two leg rotation group was higher than the static stretching group after the intervention. The post-sit and reach test value of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than the pre-sit and reach test value of the static stretching group. In addition, the variance of the sit and reach test of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than that of the static stretching group.CONCLUSION: These results showed that two leg rotation techniques have a positive effect on the changes in the sit and reach test and active straight leg raise test. Two leg rotation techniques can be recommended as a self-stretching and easier way to stabilize the lumbopelvic rhythm, reduce the stiffness of the muscle and relieve pain. This is effective in preventing muscle damage, enabling muscle relaxation and reducing the risk of injury to the spine during daily lives and in sports activities.

The Correlation between Stress, Depression, and Social Relations of Korean Soldiers with a History of Suicidal Behavior / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationships between soldiers' social relations, stress, and depressive symptoms. We also investigated the effect of previous suicide-related behaviors on their correlations. METHODS: This study was conducted on a total of 1000 soldiers. Study subjects were tested using clinical scales including the Korean Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression Scale, the Worker's Stress Response Inventory and the Lubbens Social Network Scale-6. Sociodemographic characteristics and history of suicide-related behaviors were also examined. In order to investigate the relationships between stress, depression, and social relations in groups with and without a history of suicide-related behavior, one-way correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS: Depressive symptoms and stress were positively correlated when sociodemographic factors are controlled, regardless of past history of suicide-related behaviors. Depressive symptoms and social relations showed a weak negative correlation. Furthermore, stress and social relations showed a weak negative correlation. When the stress response was additionally controlled, there was no significant correlation between depressive symptoms and social relations. There was a stronger correlation between the group with a history of suicide-related behavior and the group without suicide - related behavior. CONCLUSION: There was a significant positive correlation between depressive symptoms and stress, and this correlation was greater in patients with a history of suicidal behavior than in those without prior suicidal behavior. In addition, social relations did not directly affect depressive symptoms but was found to mediate stress indirectly.