Angiogenic mediators plasma response to aerobic exercise with crataegus elbursensis extract in male's rat

Background: Angiogenic factors are set of growth factors that directly and indirectly enhances vessels in the tissue

On the other hand, seem to medicinal extract some herbs can interact with growth factor pathways

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of progressive aerobic training and aqueous extract of Crataegus monogyna on VEGF variations and plasma angiopoetin-1/2 in male Wistar rats

Methods: 32 male Wistar rats, 4-6 months old, were randomly divided into four groups: control Crataegus monogyna, training Crataegus monogyna, control saline and training saline

A milli liter aqueous extract of Crataegus monogyna 100 g per body weight orally immediately after training, five days in a week for six weeks from the end of the second week was given to mice

Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the significant level P<0.05

Results: the results showed that progressive endurance training reduced VEGF of plasma in the training group, Crataegus monogyna group and training-Crataegus monogyna group comparing the control group. Plasma ANG-1 concentration reduced in the training, Crataegus monogyna and training-Crataegus monogyna groups while plasma ANG-2 concentration significantly increased in the Crataegus monogyna group [P=0.022] comparing with the control group

The ratio of plasma ANG-2 to ANG-1 significantly increased in the Crataegus monogyna group [P=0.028] comparing with the control group

Conclusion: The findings suggest that combination of aerobic training and Crataegus monogyna extract has no synergistic effect on anti-angiogenesis indicators

role of dyslipidemia in sensorineural hearing loss in children

The relationship between dyslipidemia and hearing is controversial, especially in children as data are scarce and limited to case reports. We sought to determine whether dyslipidemia is associated with sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] in a group of 5-18 year old children and adolescents. Records of all 5 to 18 year old children who attended the pediatric endocrinology clinic of Loghman Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between April 2007 and April 2009, were reviewed. Records with a lipid profile were obtaimed and following confirmation of their; lipid profiles, they were enrolled if the results were the same as before [normal or dyslipidemic]. Pure tone thresholds, speech discrimination score and lipid profiles were analyzed. When controlled for age and sex, no associations between dyslipidemia and SNHL were found. There was also no statistically significant relationship between dyslipidemia and SNHL in different age groups. No association was found between dyslipidemia and SNHL in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years

Anatomy of the hoof in sheep, a study to find proper hoof trimming indices

An anatomic study on ovine hoof to find a proper hoof trimming method was done. Fore and hind limbs of 15, two years old ewes. were studied all legs were transferred to vet college and divided by fore and hind limbs, left and right and lateral and medial digits. Toe height to ground and to the solar surface, heel height, sole length, toe length, toe length to the sensitive tissue, sole thickness in toe and heel region [cm] were measured. Toe angle was mathematically measured from toe height and toe length and toe to heel height was measured as well. All data were compared by t-test. Toe angle was significant in forelimbs [55. 09 +/- 8. 1] and hind limbs [50. 43 +/- 6. 9] and heel height was significantly different [3. 02 +/- 0. 33, 2. 36 +/- 0. 44] in the fore and hind limbs respectively. Although no statistical difference was recorded in the other results but some descriptive changes were recorded. Hoof grows to make an edge in the solar hoof wall that is slightly longer in hind limbs. Sole thickness in toe and heel regions of fore and hind limb was recorded as 0. 41 +/- 0. 12, 0. 82 +/- 0. 18 and 0. 37 +/- 0. 13, 0. 68 +/- 0. 17 respectively that was significantly higher in hind limbs. Hoof growth pattern in sheep is different from cow. Toe angle in fore and hind limb is slightly higher than cows. Lateral wall growth in solar region makes weight bearing surface of the hoof different from cows. 1. 2 of horny tissue of the hoof protects from sensitive underlying tissue that can make a satisfactory hoof trimming

Motives for cigarette smoking among high school students in Urmia: a qualitative study

Despite the explicit health warnings, large numbers of students continue to take up tobacco. To achieve significant long-term reductions in tobacco use and smoking-related death, the nature and scope of tobacco use in youths should be examined, the social, psychological, and marketing motives that influence young people in their decision to use tobacco products explored, and strategies and programs to prevent young people from becoming users developed. This qualitative study was conducted to explore motives for cigarette smoking among high school students in Urmia with financial support of Pakan Association- a Nursing NGO- in 2005. Focus groups and questionnaires were used for data collection. 2360 students in four high schools in educational districts 1 and 2 at Urmia city were recruited at the first stage of sampling and their cigarette smoking patterns were determined. At the second stage, five focus groups, each with 6-10 participants, were formed at the schools by volunteer students. Sessions were taped and transcribed and the themes of discussions were elicited by content analysis approach. Findings showed that the main motives of students for cigarette smoking included anger relief, curiosity, sense of dignity, fear of isolation, peer pressure, imitation, sense of joy, obstinacy, opposition to parents, lack of compassion in family, early love, unwanted stimulation of parents, smoking of family members, fight with loneliness, and opposition to social authorities. The major complaint of students was stringency of parents and an important motive for smoking was opposition to parents. Thus, strengthening compassion in families can somehow control smoking in youths

[Role of orfD Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103 gene in glucose uptake]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative non facultative bacterium and one of the members of normal flora in different sites of body in healthy humans. This bacterium can resist in fluids and hospital environments for a long time. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has two systems for glucose uptake: a low affinity oxidative pathway and a high affinity phosphorylative pathway. The orfBCD genes are located over two million base pair upstream of the genes involved in the high affinity uptake system. Although the role of these genes are unknown by now, they may have a role in regulation of glucose uptake. In the present study, the role of orfD gene in glucose uptake in P.aeruginosa has been investigated. orfD fragment were cloned in pUCP20 as vector and the recombinant plasmid transferred into WMA200 strain of P.aeruginosa, a mutant strain of P.aeruginosa with a chromosomal deletion of orfBCD. So we compared the rate of glucose uptake by P.aeruginosaWMA200, P.aeruginosaWMA200/pUCP20/orfD and P.aeruginosa H103 as wild type strain of P.aeruginosa by using labeled glucose under conditions at low substrate concentration and low cell density. Carbohydrate uptake patterns differed considerably among three strains. The wild type is able to uptake glucose at a faster rate than the mutant; however, the mutant complemented with orfD shows an intermediate uptake comparing to the wild type and the mutant.orfD gene has an important role in carbohydrate uptake in P.aeruginosa strains however further studies are required to determine the involved mechanism

Alginate extraction of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and study of penetration of antibiotic agents through alginate using a sandwich cup method

Pseudomonas aeroginosa is one of the most important opportunistic bacteria which produces biofilm. It has been reported that biofilm forming bacteria are more resistant to antibiotic treatment and immunologic response. Biofilms, communities of cells adhering to a surface enclosed in a self-producing polymeric matrix. Biofilms might be responsible for 65%of bacterial infections. In this study we investigated the role of the barrier formed by alginate against antibiotic penetration .Mucoid isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from 2 hospitals and identified by biochemical tests. Strain M214 P. aeruginosa produces more biofilm compared with other strains. Alginate was extracted from mucoid type P. aeruginosa [M214] with method described by Goven. We evaluated the penetration of antibiotics macrolides [azithromycin,erythromycin],aminoglycosides [amikacin,gentamicin] lactames [imipenem,ceftazidem],fluoruqinolones [ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin] through P. aeruginosa [M214] alginate with a sandwich cup method described by Hiromi Kumon indicated that macrolides demonstrated penetration rate 100% .fluroquinolones and lactames demonstrated relatively high penetration rate>85%, whereas aminoglycosides showed low penetration [amikacin=59%,gentamicin=73%]. In this study, the role of alginate as a barrier against antibiotics penetration was proven