[Comparison of distance education regarding primary health care effect on knowledge of Behvarz and other health team members]

Introduction: Health Education is the first and most important step in health care. Therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to personnel education

Objective: The goal of study was to compare effect of distance education on knowledge of Behvarz and other health team members regarding primary health care

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 185 employed personnel at health centers in Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated. Educational booklet was sent to the health centers and samples took an exam after two months. Data were gathered by a 90 question researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired T-test

Results: The highest percentage of correct responses by Behvarz was related to drug need estimation in the health house [5.59 +/- 0.34], by technicians and experts of anti-illness [4.55 +/- 0.223], and family health experts and technicians and midwives [4.48 +/- 0.221]. The lowest percentage of correct answers was too related to physical activity pyramid in technicians and experts of anti-illness [2.35 +/- 0.342], familiarity with figures by family health experts and technicians and midwives [3.1 +/- 0.35] and physical activity pyramid by Behvarz [2.78 +/- 0.23]. In attention to study findings, there were no significant differences between the knowledge of study groups [technicians and experts of anti-illness, technician and family health expert, and midwives and Behvarz]

Conclusion: Due to the lack of significant differences between knowledge level of Behvarz and other health team members in most comparisons, educational programs in PHC for health professionals to increase their awareness of community health promotion appears to be necessary and useful

[Comparison of impact of face to face and educational booklet methods on respiratory self efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending to selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences in Tehran]

Introduction: patient education is an essential strategy in disease control that reduces complications in patient with chronic diseases. Today, most of the education and information presented in health care systems are at a higher level and are not an appropriate method for people to understand. This study aimed to examine the impact of two of the above methods on respiratory self-efficacy among people with COPD

Method: this study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial that performed in 2012 on 75 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending Masihe - Daneshvary and Emam Hosien hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We used purposive sampling method and the participants in the study were divided into three random categories [face to face, educational booklet, and control groups]. The two groups of subjects were presented with identical content but different training methods. The control group received the routine instruction in the ward. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics

Results: the results showed homogeneity at demographic data in three groups of study. Comparison of demographic and mean respiratory self-efficacy in the baseline between three study groups showed no significant difference. But the mean of respiratory self-efficacy in the past revealed a significant difference between face to face educational group and control groups [P<0.001]. The test showed no significant difference between educational booklet group and control group [P>0.05]

Conclusion: among people with COPD, face to face educational strategies increased respiratory self-efficacy more than booklet educational method. Consequently, nurses as care providers in patients with COPD can have a valuable role in patient education using face to face education method

[Effect of early skin- to- skin contact of mother and newborn on mother's satisfaction]

The first minutes after birth are a very vulnerable period for both mother and newborn. The care that is provided during this time is critical to improve their longer-term health. Mother-infant Skin to skin contact immediately after birth creates an optimal environment for the adaptation of newborn infants to extra uterine life and should be a routine method in hospitals. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of skin to skin contact between newborn and mother immediately after birth on mother's satisfaction in Taleghani hospital in Arak on 2008-2009. A randomized controlled trial was designed to study the effect of early skin -to- skin contact between mother and newborn. 80 pairs of newborns and their mothers who delivered in Taleghani hospital Arak, Iran were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups [skin to skin contact and routine care]. In skin-to-skin contact group, immediately after birth naked newborns were placed in prone position on skin contact with their mothers and in routine care group newborns were placed in cot under warmer. A questionnaire was used to assess mothers' satisfaction. In the end of breastfeeding mothers' satisfaction were assessed. Data were collected by a questionnaire, which included questions about the mothers' satisfaction with the care they received during labor and their tendency to skin to skin contact in future. The validity of questionnaire was determined by content validity method and reliability was obtained by internal consistency [consistency coefficient 0.90]. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. A larger proportion of mothers in skin to skin contact group were very satisfied [70%] and satisfied [20%] with their care, and a larger proportion of mothers in routine care group were very unsatisfied [35%] and unsatisfied [35%].There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their tendency for skin-to-skin contact in future. Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn results in mother's satisfaction

[Self-treatment with drugs during gestation]

Pregnancy due to its nature is associated with some problems, which may increase the need for drugs. Drug self-treatment can cause severe complications and lack of information of mothers concerning the indications of drugs may have detrimental effects on family as well as society. This descriptive study was conducted to identify knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women regarding self-treatment with drugs in health care settings affiliated to Shaheed Beheshti Medical University in 2006. 180 pregnant women referring to healthcare centers were selected in 2 steps by cluster sampling method. The stage of their gestational period was not important. An information form was used for data collection. Findings showed that 98.3% of women knew the forbiddance of chemical drugs during pregnancy without prescription. 70.6% agreed chemical drug prescription by a professional. Of 180 women, 100 [55.5%] took chemical drugs during their pregnancy and 97.8% used the drugs by prescription. 11.1% took herbs by prescription while 84.2% used them without prescription and by recommendation of their acquaintances or their own views. 4.7% took herbs by suggestion of herbalists. It can be concluded that despite good knowledge of women about indications of chemical drugs, their information regarding herbs is not satisfactory. Therefore, developing appropriate educational plans in media, healthcare settings and prenatal clinics to improve their knowledge seems necessary

Assessment of vertebral column [skeletal] disorders in 14-16 years old high school male students at Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran - Iran

One of the great problems, which children and teenagers may face, at school ages, is vertebral column deformities. These congenital and growth skeletal deformities are common and are musculoskeletal potential problems in children and adolescence age. The deformities may involve the vertebral column curvature [lateral or posterior anterior], that appear in frontal surface in form of scoliosis, and in sagital surface, in form of lordosis and kiphosis. The main purpose of this study was to assess vertebral column [skeletal] disorders in 14-16 years old high school male students at Shaheed Beheshti Medical University and health services educational catchments areas, Tehran, Iran in 2005-2006 and Provision of Related Strategies. This is a descriptive research. The research units consisted 216 boys aged between 14-18 years old, from first to third grade, which were selected randomly from high schools, based on multistage sampling. The data collection tools were a questionnaire and an observation record sheet. The screening tests performed in this study were a back and lateral observation and forward bending test. The results showed that 8.8 percent, 2.8 percent and 6.9 percent of the students in this research accordingly had scoliosis, Hyper lordosis and kiphosis. From the 8.8 percent of the students who had scoliosis, the deviation of 76 percent was on the right side. Based on the results of this study, the prevalence of vertebral column [skeletal] disorders was high, in comparison to other studies. Probable causes of the high prevalence of these disorders could be related to, inappropriate carrying and heavy weight of their bags, and inappropriate sitting while doing their homework