ABSTRACT
The incidence of paediatric urolithiasis has been constantly decreasing during the past twenty-five years [1983-2007] in Tunisia as well as in other Mediterranean Countries. This study will reveal if the incidence of stone disease in children has changed and will show the change in stone composition. The incidence of paediatric urolithiasis has been constantly decreasing during the past twenty-four years [from 9,1 in eighties to 0,4 cases/1000 admissions/year in 2007]. The prevalence of calcium oxalate stones has been constantly increasing during the past twenty-five years in Tunisia [15.6 per cent in eighties Vs 51.5 actually]. Actually infections stones were less frequent[11.8 percent actually Vs 39.4 percent in eighties]. The decrease in struvite frequency in children patients during the past twenty-five years and the stabilization of calcium phosphate stones are the result of a significant improvement of diagnostics and the treatment of urinary tract infections in the young children in our country