[Hyperventilation in military aviation and diving]

The most important risk of aviation [in altitude over 10 thousand feet] and sub aquatic seafaring [in depth exceed over 30 meters] is hyperventilation. The problems manifested itself at first and especially second world war when pilots flew at altitude over 10 thousand feet. Those pilots had some signs and symptoms while faced mental and physical stresses that eventuated in aircraft crash. This study collected related data from several books, articles and knowledge about military and civil aviation. Etiology of hyperventilation is related to stressing [mental and physical problems] such as ambient changes [temperature, pressure and, etc], face to emergency situations, physiological and mental changes and, etc. Signs and symptoms were different in everyone this manifestations cause from motor and sensory impairment, psychomotor, cognitive, neuromuscular, consciousness and death. These risks are more important in military aviation due to highest performance and in seafaring because stresses in the work. The astronauts, air crews, sea crews and athletics always have consciousness and higher performance. Thus informing them about hyperventilation and its complications, prevention and treatment for population are necessary

Non surgical treatment of sacral osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma may rarely originate from the axial bones such as pelvis or vertebrae. In some pelvic and most vertebral primary tumors, resection often is not possible completely. In general, these tumors cannot be resected with negative margins so they need additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but results are unfavourable because of poor local control and high incidence of distant metastases. This is a case report of sacral osteosarcoma which was treated successfully with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient is a 14-year-old boy with a large osteosarcoma tumor in the first sacral vertebral body, with extra skeletal extension. The patient took radiotherapy [6000 centigray] plus chemotherapy regimen consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin. In the last follow up 48 months later, the patient was completely asymptomatic with normal performance and there was not any evidence of local progression or distant metastasis

[Role of Staphylococcus coagulase negative in neonatal sepsis in patients admitted at Ghods hospital [Ghazvin-autumn 2006]]

According to the high prevalence of neonatal infection and reduce of NMR [neonatal mortality rate] as one of the health and treatment program in our country, study about prevalence of blood infection germs and predisposing factors seem necessary. In this cohort study, 118 neonat that admitted in neonatal ward and NICU of ghods hospital along 3 month evaluated based on many items such as: BC [blood culture] /sex/age/admission date/ weight/type of birth/admission ward/clinical findings/predisposing factors. All of this informations acquired from patients profil. Evaluation results of 118 neonat that admitted along 3 month at ghods hospital neonatal ward and NICU that shown 26 patient [%22] have positive BC and 92 patients [%78] have negative BC. Based on result of this study found that:%22 neonat have positive BC and%78 have negative BC. responsible of%34.6 positive BC was Staphylococcus cougulas negative and%65.4 was other germs. Most common predisposing factor was pretermity [%10.2] and most common clinical finding was fever [%66.9]

Hearing loss in 7 to 11 years old school boys of Mashhad without recognized ear problems: 2006

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hearing impairments and its associations with different ear problems among schoolboys in Mashhad, Iran. In this cross sectional research, a representative sample of 1047 schoolboys [between age group 7 to 11 years] was subjected to diapason tests, Otoscopic examination and questionnaire. Then in the next step, suspected cases were visited by an Ear, Nose and Throat [ENT] specialist and subjected to Pure Tone Audiometry [PTA]. Data analysis identified 29 children with hearing impairment [72.1% mild, 20.9% moderate, and 2.3% severe and4.7% profound] making a prevalence of 2.76% [60.4% conductive, 27.9% sensorineural and 11.7% mixed hearing impairment].Data analysis revealed ear problems with the following prevalence's: ear wax [13.7%], otalgia [11%], ear trauma [5.3%] and ear washing [3.6%]. The prevalence of hearing impairment was comparable to that in developed countries, but was better than that in developing countries

[ case-control study about routs of transmission of cholera during summer outbreak in Zahedan]

Background: within the past few years out breaks of cholera has occurred in different points of Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran, especially in the Zahedan district. The objective of this study was definition of the most important routs of transmission of cholera in the rural areas of Zahedan district involved in the cholera outbreak of summer 2003. The outbreak lasted for about 1.5 months

Methods and Materials: a case-control study was performed on 20 patients and 89 subjects as controls. A questionnaire was completed for eve1y subject about individual hygiene, hygiene regulations of' the family, the source of' the drinkable water, use of' chlorination of' water, use of soap jar hand washing, eating and drinking outside in feasts [such as weddings], getting ice .from street vendors, and travel history. Stool culture for detection of cholera was performed for all cases and also for consent controls

Results: in multivariate analysis age [OR = 0. 8, P = 0. 004], eating food in parties [OR = 34.5, P = 0.020], absence of soap in hand-washing place [OR = 4. 7, P = 0. 000] and household size [OR = 1.3, P = 0.002] were significantly associated with cholera in univariate analysis, getting ice from street vendors [P = 0.032] also had relationship with catching cholera

Conclusions: different routes of transmission of cholera are mentioned in reference books; however every outbreak has its own special circumstances. The most important points with regard to this outbreak were the importance of individual hygiene [especially using soap in hand washing], control of production and distribution of ice by street vendors, and the importance of' eating and drinking in ceremonies even feats and weddings. Warning of people about these points may play key role in controlling a cholera outbreak