Production and characterization of glucosamine from bovine synovial fluid

Glucosamine is a natural aminomonosaccharide, which is a normal constituent of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Glucosamine has a role in the synthesis of cell membrane, collagen, osteoid, and bone matrix. The present work was undertaken to investigate bovine synovial fluid for the production of glucosamine. The method used for isolation of glucosamine included acid hydrolysis of the fluid. The produced glucosamine [0.73-2.60%] had been purified and characterized by different identification methods that include: chemical colour tests; thin layer chromatography; C[18]- high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry compared to standard glucosamine. We can conclude that, there is an essential need for every body to produce and/or to take glucosamine supplements to stimulate the production of synovial fluid which lubricates cartilage and keeps joint healthy. This led to the fact that reliable analytical methods should be adopted for quality assessment of glucosamine commercial products used by consumers. In this research the investigated bovine synovial fluid was recognized to afford a considerable amount of glucosamine obtained by acid hydrolysis. The adopted and the described methods of analysis could be applied in qualitative and quantitative determination surveys of different supplement products containing glucosamine

Study of the effect of Panax ginseng versus Gliclazide on hyperglycaemia induced by Dexamethasone in experimental animals

To study the effect of panax ginseng versus gliclazide on hyperglycaemia induced by dexamethasone in experimental animals. The current study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen. Twenty-four rabbits were divided to 4 groups. Three of them were administered oral doses of dexamethasone [10 mg/kg] for 14 days, one group was kept as a control. Ginseng at dose [200 mg/kg] and gliclazide [80 mg/kg] were administered to rabbits with dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia. The effects of ginseng and gliclazide on fasting blood sugar [FBS] and body weight after continuous administration of dexamethasone [10 mg/kg] were measured. Oral administration of ginseng [200mg/kg] for 2 weeks produced significant [p < 0.05] reduction in FBS from 215.33 +/- 27.67 mg/dl in the dexamethasone group to 154.17 +/- 21.18mg/dl in the ginseng treated group. In addition, ginseng produced significant [p < 0.05] reduction in body weight. There was a significant difference between ginseng and gliclazide in reduction of FBS and body weight. From these results, it is suggested that ginseng could be used in obese diabetic patients or those suffering from insulin resistance as it reduces body weight

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

Genetic polymorphisms of encoding antigen B2 gene (AgB2) in Echinococcus granulosus were studied using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing among 20 Egyptian isolates. Five isolates from different host origins (humans, camels, pigs, and sheep) were collected and used. All examined isolates of each host group gave very similar patterns of PCR-RFLP after restriction enzyme digestion with AluI, with the gene size of approximately 140 bp and 240 bp for sheep and human isolates, and approximately 150 bp and 250 bp for pig and camel isolates. No digestion pattern was obtained after incubation of all studied isolates with EcoRI. These results reveal high intra-group homogeneity. DNA sequence analysis highlighted that human infecting strain showed 100% identity with respect to sheep infecting isolate, 96% and 99% with pig and camel infecting isolates, respectively.

Production and characterization of glucosamjne from bovine synovial fluid

Glucosamine is a natural aminomonosaccharide, which is a normal constituent of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix and synovial fluid. Glucosamine has a role in the synthesis of cell membrane [building] lining, collagen, osteoid, and bone matrix. The present work was undertaken to investigate bovine synovial fluid for the production of glucosamine. The method used for isolation of glucosamine included acid hydrolysis of the fluid. The produced glucosamine [0.73-2.60%] had been purified and characterized by different identification methods that include: chemical colour tests; thin layer chromatography; C[18]- high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectrophotometeiy compared to standard glucosamine. We can conclude that, there is an essential need for every body to produce and/or to take glucosamine supplements to stimulate the production of synovial fluid which lubricates cartilage and keeps joint healthy. This led to the fact that reliable analytical methods should be carried for quality assessment of glucosamine commercial products used by consumers. In this research the investigated bovine synovial fluid was recognized to afford a considerable amount of glucosamine obtained by acid hydrolysis. The adopted and the described methods of analysis could be applied in qualitative and quantitative determination surveys of different supplement products containing glucosamine

role of helicobacter pylori in esophagitis and peptic ulcer disease in Iraq

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalences of Helicobacter pylori [H.pylori] infection in symptomatic, but endoscopically normal patients as well as in patients with endoscopically and histologically proven esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric ulcer. The study extended over the period November 1999 through June 2000. Biopsy specimens were harvested from intact areas of gastric antral mucosa, duodenal bulb, gastric body and lower third of esophagus of each one of 200 patients undergoing eseophago-gastro-duodenoscopy in endoscopy unit of Tikrit General Hospital [TGH], Salahuddin Governorate, Tikrit City, Iraq. The biopsies were submitted for histopathological, cultural and biochemical investigations. Seven biopsy samples were taken from each patient. Written consent was taken from each patient. The patients were pooled from various districts of the governorate. Results:Helicobacter pylori was detected in antral biopsies of the following categories of patients: in 73.9% of patients with endoscopic gastritis, in 75% of patients with gastric ulcers, in 86% of patients with endoscopic duodenitis, in 88.6% of patients with duodenal ulcers and in 57.7% of patients with endoscopic esophagitis, but absent in all patients with totally normal endoscopies. Although H.pylori has no role in the development of esophagitis, it is a prevalent pathogen and is associated with many gastro-intestinal diseases and has an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis in our district

Trend of cigarette smoking among the college students, medical students and doctors

Smoking trend is increasing in both developed as well as under-developed countries. The students of high school, colleges, even medical colleges, disease healers and teachers of preventive/community medicine were also found to be engaged in smoking. Therefore this survey was designed for students and doctors of Abbotabad and Rawalpindi. 700 students and 100 doctors were randomly selected from high schools, colleges, Medical Colleges of Abbottabad and Rawalpindi. A smoking survey questionnaire was designed and filled on individual interview. The percentage of students of schools and colleges engaged in smoking was high as compared to medical students and doctors. There was no girl student found to be engaged in smoking. The trend of cigarette smoking is much higher in students of schools and colleges as compared to medical students and doctors which is an alarming situation for health, life and economy of the nations. Therefore the campaign should be moved to prevent this trend especially in the young generation and literate population

Changes in micronucleus frequency in xeroderma pigmentosum patients after beta-carotene treatment

In the present study, micronuclei [MN] were determined in different sites in the oral cavity of 4 XP patients in order to determine whether a relationship exists between exposure to ultraviolet light and the level of chromosomal breakage. These sites were the right and left buccal mucosa, the dorsal tip of the tongue and the palate. Six controls matched for age and sex were examined concurrently. Beta-carotene were given to the four patients in a dose of 180 mg/week for 3 months. They were followed up every four weeks by taking buccal smear samples from the same sites order to detect any change in the frequency of MN. Before treatment, an unequal distribution of the frequency of MJN was found in the different samples sites of the oral cavity in XP patients with the greatest elevation in frequencies among cells collected from the tip of the tongue [0.76 +/- 0.15]. In constant, the MN frequency did not vary in samples from different sites obtained from the controls. The frequencies of MN were higher in XP patients than in controls for all sites expect the palate where technical difficulties were encountered