Effects of different complete dentures base materials and tooth types on short-term phonetics

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of various types of complete dentures, base materials, and teeth types on patients' short-term phonetics

Methods: A quasi-parallel study was conducted at the dental clinic, Faculty of Dentistry at Al Azhar University-Assiut Branch in Egypt. Fifty healthy participants with complete dentures were enrolled in the study. The enrolled patients were grouped into two main batches: three groups in batch one and two groups in batch two. The three groups in the first batch received three different denture base materials [flexible acrylic resin, heat cure acrylic resin, and chrome cobalt metallic base]. The two groups in batch two received different types of teeth [acrylic and porcelain teeth]. The five groups completed a questionnaire composed of items pertaining to demographic characteristics, and the researcher obtained data about phonetics

Results: The sound level was significantly higher in the group of dentures constructed of chrome cobalt metallic base in comparison to the other materials. Additionally, the sound level in porcelain teeth was significantly higher than that in acrylic teeth. The material used to construct teeth was one of the major determinants influencing phonetics

Conclusion: Phonetics is affected by the material used to construct the base of complete dentures and the teeth type. Complete dentures with a chrome cobalt metallic base and porcelain teeth are considered to be superior for improving phonetics

effects of clinical wear on the incidence of temporomandibular disorders among patients with complete dentures

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of clinical wear on the incidence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with complete dentures

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on two groups; group 1 [30 patients] received complete upper and lower dentures with teeth made of heat-cured acrylic resin, and group 2 [29 patients] received complete upper and lower dentures with teeth fabricated of porcelain. The occurrence and clinical examination of temporomandibular disorders were evaluated using Helkimo anamnestic dysfunction index [Ai] and Helkimo clinical dysfunction index [Di], respectively. Clinical wear of denture teeth was estimated by the assessment of wear depth using the mean differences between tracing images of lingual cusps at each follow-up. The patients were followed up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months for assessment of clinical wear and incidence of temporomandibular disorders

Results: The acrylic resin group was subjected to significantly higher wear than the porcelain group at 12, 18 and 24 months of follow-up. The incidence of temporomandibular disorders was also significantly higher in the acrylic resin group than in the porcelain group at 18 and 24 months of follow-up

Conclusion: There was higher incidence of temporomandibular disorders among patients who wore complete dentures with teeth made of acrylic resin than in patients who wore complete dentures with porcelain teeth

Knowledge and attitude of the population toward cancer prostate Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The aim of the following study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of men, in our region, regarding cancer prostate and its screening practices. The field work was conducted in Riyadh City, during the period February through July 2011. It was a population - based cross-sectional study comprising 400 men over 40 years. In addition to socio-demographic data, history of the present and past medical illness, history of prostatic diseases and examination, family history of cancer prostate; participants were inquired about their knowledge and attitude toward prostate cancer [PC] and screening behavior using through two different Likert scales. Only 10% of the respondents had practiced a regular PC examination checkup. Their knowledge about PC was poor and their attitude toward examination and screening was fair, where the mean of total correct knowledge score was 10.25 +/- 2.5 [51.25%], while the mean of total attitude score was 18.3 +/- 4.08 [65.3%]. The respondents identified the physicians as the main sources of this information [62.4%], though they were not the main motives for a regular checkup. Knowledge represented the only significant predictor for participants' attitude. Beliefs and attitudes have a great impact, at every stage of the cancer continuum, this attitudes depends mainly on level of knowledge and quantity of information provided to patients and their families. Such attitudes should rely on a solid background of proper information and motivation from physicians to enhance and empower attitudes toward PC screening behavior

Assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in Saudi men using the international prostate symptoms score

Benign prostatic hyperplasia-related lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS] are common among older men, the incidence and prevalence are increasing rapidly, and they are associated with diminished health-related quality-of-life [QOL]. The aim was to describe the prevalence of LUTS in Saudi population and its relation to some other parameters. Saudi men over the age of 40 were invited to participate in the study; in Riyadh city from August 2012 through March 2013. All participants were assessed for the serum level of prostate-specific antigen [PSA] and digital rectal examination. Participants were given a linguistically validated Arabic version of the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]. Demographic and other medical comorbidities were assessed. Based on the IPSS, a subdivision of men into three symptoms classes has been proposed, resulting in groups with mild [1265, 58.3%], moderate [505, 27.3%], and severe symptoms [81, 4.4%] and the prevalence of moderate to severe was 31.7%. There was a weak, but significant correlation between the total IPSS and age, total prostate volume, and PSA. Severity of symptoms is increasing with increased age. Multiple regression analysis reported that prostate volume and all individual items of IPSS except straining were significant predictors of QOL and patient satisfaction, where frequency and incomplete emptying had the heaviest impact on patient's QOL. LUTS were common among men in Saudi population over 40, the prevalence increases with age and most of them were unpleased because of their urinary symptoms, poor QOL was mainly determined by individual symptoms; mainly frequency and incomplete emptying

TGF-B1 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HBV INFECTION

The transforming growth factor-beta[1] is an important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties may have a role in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The main purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of TGF- beta[1] in a group of chronic HBV infected [CHB] patients as well as healthy individuals and to determine the correlation between the TOF- beta[1] and stages of fibrosis in CHB patients. A case control study using forty patients with CHB as well as forty healthy individuals. ELISA technique was applied to measure the serum level of TGF- beta[1] in both patient and control groups. We used the data of the liver biopsy of CHB patients to make a correlation between TGF- beta[1] and stages of fibrosis. Our results revealed that the serum levels of TGF- beta[1] -were significantly increased in CHB patients [1958.0 +/- 730.26pg/ml] in comparison to healthy controls [944.4 +/- 5 73.24 pg/ml] [P<0.0001]. Serum levels of TGF- beta[1] -was significantly increased in F2-F3 [2600.0 +/- 472.69pg/ml] in comparison to FO-F1[1483.5 +/- 478.54 pg/ml] [P < 0.0001]. The sludy concluded that high serum levels of TGF-fl may be a mechanism by which immune response against IIBV is suppressed. The serum level of TGF- beta[1] is a potential noninvasive marker for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in CHB patients

Site-specific mouth rinsing can improve oral odor by altering bacterial counts. blind crossover clinical study

To determine whether site-specific mouth rinsing with oral disinfectants can improve oral odor beyond the traditional panoral mouth disinfection with mouth rinses by targeting specifically oral malodor implicated anaerobic bacteria. Twenty healthy fasting subjects volunteered for a blinded prospective, descriptive correlational crossover cross-section clinical trial conducted during the month of Ramadan between July and August 2013 in Albaha province in Saudi Arabia involving the application of Listerine[R] Cool Mint[R] mouth rinse by either the traditional panoral rinsing method, or a site-specific disinfection method targeting the subgingival and supragingival plaque and the posterior third of the tongue dorsum, while avoiding the remaining locations within the oral cavity. The viable anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts, volatile sulfur compounds [VSCs] levels, organoleptic assessment of oral odor, and the tongue-coating index were compared at baseline, one, 5, and 9 hours after the treatment. The site-specific disinfection method reduced the VSCs and anaerobic bacterial loads while keeping the aerobic bacterial numbers higher than the traditional panoral rinsing method. Site-specific disinfection can more effectively maintain a healthy oral cavity by predominantly disinfecting the niches of anaerobic bacteria within the oral cavity

Association of physicians' knowledge and behavior with prostate cancer counseling and screening in Saudi Arabia

To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians towards prostate cancer counseling and screening. This cross sectional study was conducted in May 2009 to October 2009 through a survey questionnaire, which was distributed to all licensed primary care physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study took place in the Princess Al-Johara Al-Ibrahim Center for Cancer Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Data was obtained from 204 primary care physicians using self-reports of prostate cancer screening practices, knowledge, attitudes towards prostate cancer screening, and continuous medical education preferences. Respondents' characteristics were also collected. Approximately 54.7% of the respondents were practicing counseling and referring prostate cancer patients. The mean correct knowledge score was 54.3%, their attitude was not strong; the only statement that approximately 70% of physicians agreed upon was about the value of screening, however, the reliability and evidence to support digital rectal examination and prostatic specific antigen were in question. Our primary care physicians had self-confidence in suspecting and referring high-risk patients for screening, but not for management and treatment. Knowledge and attitude were found to be the most significant predictors that determine physicians' self practice. Physicians' practice towards a screening procedures or early detection of diseases should rely on a good background of information, which in turn enhances their self-efficacy and develops a good and positive attitude towards their practice skills

Pathological and ultrastructural studies on Anisakis simplex rudolphi-1809 infecting Carangoides Bajad with special reference to intestinal maturation in puppies

Thirty five [70%] of 51 Carangoides bajad were naturally infected with Anisakis simplex during the period from September 2007 to January 2008. The fish were collected from eastern south coast of the Red Sea at Hurgada. The morphological and ultrastructures of Anisakis larvae and adults, and the induced lesions in the fish [intermediate host], five puppies [final host] were orally given infected fish. The body of the larvae is gradually tapering towards the anterior part. It is covered by striated ornamentation longitudinally and horizontally, except the anterior region which is smooth. The morphological and ultrastrutural examinations of the anterior body end of larvae showed a prominent boring tooth, 3 pairs of lips inconspicuous and an excretory ventral pore between the rudimentary subventral lips. The anal end showed a distinct mucron and a slit-shaped anus. The pathological studies revealed encapsulated larvae with concentrical fibrous connective tissue infiltrated, with macrophages and lymphocytes on the surface of liver, spleen and peritoneum of the infected fish. The macrophages aggregated together to form the denser part of the capsule, and invaded the adjacent parenchymal tissue. The hepatocytes, under the affected capsule were necrotic and invaded by melanomacrophages

Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a rural population in Egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a village in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt where the majority of people had individual trenches in the houses for sewage disposal with absence of public sewage system. Out of 2292 stool samples 47.8% had at least a single infection. Multiple infections occurred in 14.9%. Entamoeba histolytica was 20%, E. coli 10%, Giardia lamblia 10%, Ascaris lumbricoides 27.31%, Hymenolepis nana 2.96%, Schistosoma mansoni 2.45% and Ancylostoma duodenale 2.23%. Males were significantly infected with S. mansoni than females. Younger age groups were significantly infected by H. nana than older ones. Working in agriculture was significantly at risk with S. mansoni and A. duodenale infections. On multiple logistic regression analysis; the risk factor most strongly associated with infection was the presence of another infected family member

Molecular detection of pox virus in pigeon

Pigeon pox virus causes a serious disease in pigeons and may threats the life of these birds. The pigeon pox virus is easily detected in clinical samples when the signs appeared but in that case the disease could affect the health of birds and may be complicated by secondary bacterial infections. So, the rapid and accurate detection of the virus is needed. In this study the application of molecular techniques based on nucleic acid was characterization done. Molecular characterization of pigeon pox virus was successful carried out by using PCR and real-time PCR techniques for the pox virus in samples from 8 clinical cases of suspected diseased pigeons from three provinces [Giza, Kafr El-Sheikh and Beni-Suef], DNA was extracted from skin lesions from each case, amplify the FWPV P4b gene. Results of PCR amplification of pigeon poxvirus and agarose gel electrophoresis showed that there were five out of the eight suspected field samples were positive for the presence of pigeon pox virus with the expected correct size bands of 578 bp. Real-time polymerase chain reactions [r-PCR] assay was also used for detection of the virus by using the same previously described primers with SYBR Green mix. Real time PCR dissociation curve of PCR products of the SYBR Green PCR assay indicated that the PCR products of melting temperature [Tm] at 75-77°C were positive for 5 samples out of the 8 suspected cases of pigeon pox virus similar to the obtained results by conventional PCR. In this study, the molecular methods the primers and PCR conditions were used to used were able to detect virus in clinical samples and showed the same sensitivity as virus isolation in case of obvious clinical signs but the molecular methods were more rapid and reliable when compared to conventional methods for virus isolation

Epizootiological and molecular characterization of equine influenza virus 2008 outbreak in Egypt

Equine influenza symptoms were detected in population of equines in different governorates in Egypt [Cairo, Giza, Helwan, Alexandria, Minoufia, Behaira, Assiut and Aswan] during July - August 2008. High temperature, inappetence, conjunctivitis, redness of nasal mucosa, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge and a harsh dry cough were the most common clinical manifestations. Horses of all ages and both sexes were affected. Free movement of the infected animals and direct contact at markets and races facilitated the rapid spread of the disease. Nine suspected cases represented eight governorates were examined for equine influenza virus [EIV] where 107 nasal swabs and 107 serum samples were used for diagnosis. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions [rRT-PCR] assay was applied todetect the matrix [M] gene of influenza type A viruses in nasal swabs and 6 out of the 8 cases were positive. Three cases were positive by virus isolation on embryonated chicken egg inoculation and the hemagglutination test. The hemagglutination inhibition [HI] was performed to identify the isolated influenza virus using reference antisera against A/Equi-1 [H7N1] and A/Equi-2 [H3N8].In this study, full characterization of the isolated virus was carried out through molecular techniques for typing of hemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase [NA] genes by RT-PCR and partial sequencing of the HA gene of one isolate [A/Equine/Egypt/21 AHRI/2008[H3N8]] and the results confirmed that H3N8 virus was the causative agent of this outbreak

Study of the genotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide on albino mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes -and the protective effect of captopril

Cyclophosphamide [CYP] is widely used as an antineoplastic and an immunosuppressive drug. However, it has been found to cause DNA damage in normal tissues as well. Captopril [CAP], an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was reported to have a potential protective effect on the genotoxic effect of CYP possibly through its antioxidant effect. The aim of the present work is to experimentally detect the genotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide using in vivo micronuclei assay in albino mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and to test the protective effect of captopril on reducing the genotoxicity of CYP. In the present study thirty adult male albino mice were equally divided into six groups. Group I [control group] animals received single physiological saline, group II mice received single injection of captopril [CAP] [50mg/kg], group III animals received single injection of 25mg/kg cyclophosphamide [CYP] dissolved in physiological saline, group IV mice received single injection of 50 mg/kg CYP dissolved in physiological saline, and groups V and VI were the same as group III and IV but CYP injection was preceded by CAP [50mg/kg] injection. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes [MNPCEs] was determined in 1000 polychromatic cells from bone marrow smears obtained after sacrificing the animals 24 hrs from exposure to CYP or the control substance. Statistical comparison of the different groups showed that the difference between group I and II was not statistically significant [P=0.106], indicating that CAP does not induce genotoxicity. Whereas, comparing Groups III, IV to group I showed that the difference was statistically significant [P=0.013, 0.00021] It was observed that CYP increased the number of MNPCEs in a dose dependent way. Comparison of groups V and Vito groups III and IV respectively showed a significantly lower number of MNPCEs confirming a protective effect of CAP when administered prior to CYP. The results of the present study confirm a protective role of CAP and support the possibility of administration of captopril prior to cyclophosphamide to ameliorate its genotoxic effect and the possibility to develop secondary cancers

Effect of date Palm pollen grain and Date Pits on reducing blood glucose of diabetic rats

Many herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of diabetes. The antidiabetic effect of date pits powder and date pollen grains powder investigated in normal and Alloxan -induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups, first group as normal rats, 2 as diabetic rats without treatment, 3 fed on 25% of date pits powder and 4 fed on 2% of date pollen grains powder. The nutritional experiment was continued for 45 days. Blood samples of non-diabetic and diabetic rats were collected, after 3 days, 15 days and 45 days from administration of Alloxan where serum glucose change were estimated. Other biochemical assays were estimated after 3 days and 45 days only. The results show that the basal diet supplemented by date pits powder and date pollen grains powder induced a decrease in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids and increase in urea and creatinine. The basal diet supplemented with date pits powder or date pollen grains powder showed decrease in weights of liver, kidney and pancreas. While, it showed increase in heart weight. The results from histopathology show no changes in kidney, heart, spleen and pancreas. But, the liver in experimental rats fed on 2% date pollen grains powder showed no change except activation of kupffer cells

New concepts in treatment of post-dural puncture headache: Tetracosactide vs. tetrazepam

We investigated the effect of tetracosactide hexa-acetate vs tetrazepam as therapeutic agent for treatment of post-dural puncture headache [PDPH]. Thirty patients with PDPH were randomly allocated to receive either tetracosactide 1 mg IM [group A, n=15] or oral tetrazepam 1.2 mg/kg [group B, n=15]. Severity of headache [VAS scale], neck rigidity, nausea and vomiting were recorded before treatment and at intervals after treatment. The need for supplementary management as hydration, analgesics or epidural blood patch was also recorded. Our results suggest that tetrazepam has a superior effect compared to tetracosactide in controlling PDPH. It also alleviates neck rigidity and vomiting in a statistically significant way. The drug is also cheap, easy to use and has minimal side effects

Prevalence of S. mansoni and intestinal parasites in a rural population in Egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a village in Menoufia Governorate in Egypt where the majority of people had individual trenches in the houses for sewage disposal with absence of public sewage system. Out of 2292 stool samples 47.8% had at least a single infection. Multiple infections occurred in 14.9%. Entamoeba histolytica was 20%, E. coli 10%, Giardia lamblia 10%, Ascaris lumbricoides 27.31%, Hymenolepis nana 2.96%, Schistosoma mansoni 2.45% and Ancylostoma duodenale 2.23%. Males were significantly infected with S. mansoni than females. Younger age groups were significantly infected by H. nana than older ones. Working in agriculture was significantly at risk with S. mansoni and A. duodenale infections. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factor most strongly associated with infection was the presence of another infected family member. We recommend screening all family members of positive cases

Synthesis and some reactions of 4-[2-Alkyl-2-arylhydrazono]-2-phenyloxazol-5-o ne derivatives

A series of new 4-[2-alkyl-2-arylhydrazono]-2-phenyloxazol-5-ones derivatives 2a-d were synthesized by reaction of the oxazolones 1a, b with methyl and ethyl iodides. On the other hand, trial to alkylate 1a with methyl bromoacetate or phenacyl bromide afforded the triazine 3 and pyridinone 7, respectively. The reaction of 2a, b with ammonia or primary aromatic amines or hydrazines gave the acyclic amides 8a, b, 10a-d and hydrazides 12a-d, respectively. Cyclization of 8a, b and 10a, b gave imidazoles 9a, b, and 11a, b. While cyclization of 12a-d afforded triazines 13a, b and 14a, b, respectively

Influence of mixed bee-pollen on rat a health

Mixed bee pollens were collected from fields cultivated by sunflower, palm and oxeye daisy plants at Fayoum governorate. The gross chemical composition and the profiles of amino acids and minerals of bee collected mixed pollens were determined. Nutritional experiments were preformed on adult and elderly female rats fed on basal diet and orally supplemented by mixed bee pollen at 2% and 4% levels. Blood samples of adults and elderly female rats were collected at start and after 10, 20, and 30 days of the experiments. Serum total lipids, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, total lipids, progesterone and calcium levels were estimated for both adults and elderly female rats. At the end of the experiment, the adult and elderly female rats were allowed to mate and the numbers of fetuses in both cases were counted. The basal diet supplemented with mixed bee pollen induced a lowering lipid effect, increased HDL-cholesterol, progesterone, calcium levels and fertility of elderly female rats

Microbial profile of weaning foods, infant milk and drinking water in infant feeding bottles at pediatric hospital and nursery in Cairo

The microbiological profile of 280 weaning food, infant milk and drinking water samples in infant feeding bottles, belonging to infants up to 18 months approximately, brought to either the outpatient clinic of Abo El-Reash pediatrics hospital of Cairo University or a private nursery located in Cairo was assessed by collecting feeding samples prepared at home following interview with some mothers as much as possible. Bacterial contamination was found in all of 280 samples of weaning food, infant milk and drinking water with higher load in the samples collected from the pediatrics hospital more than those collected from the private nursery. Mean microbial counts of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and yeast and mould in this study were similar to those reported in weaning food, infant milk and drinking water in other developing countries, and were over internationally recommended safe levels. Most of the samples had microbial load greater than the Egyptian government limited number. The incidence percentages of microbial counts were higher in the samples belonging to low income families more than those of moderate or high income families. Many factors like unsafe water, mishandling of feed or bottle, storage of food at ambient temperature for a long time, poor personal hygiene and domestic sanitation may have contributed for the gross contamination of the samples in this study, especially by enteropathogens. This calls for educating the human society on the relationship between contamination of weaning food, infant milk and drinking water and diarrhoeal diseases. The government and nongovernment organizations should play a role seriously to treatment the problem of children food contamination in view of the fact that WHO offers technical assistance in this field to any member government

Chemical and microbiological evaluation of camel milk in Egypt

Studies on camel milk concentration of chemical and trace elements or its microbiological view are limited especially here in Egypt, and warrants further investigation. Camel milk is gaining more popularity. Most camel milk is consumed fresh. To determine chemical and mineral composition; and microbiological quality of Egyptian camel milk, as well aflatoxin M[1] detection. One hundred and eight camel milk samples were obtained at random from camels all over the country. Protein, fat, carbohydrates, moisture, ash and lactose were determined. Minerals as calcium [Ca], iron [Fe], Zinc [Zn], sodium [Na], potassium [K], magnesium [Mg], copper [Cu], phosphorous [P] and manganese [Mn] were measured in the ash. Twenty-one samples of camel milk were investigated for their microbiological quality. Also 21 samples from lactating mothers were collected for their microbiological assay. Proximate analyses indicated that Egyptian camel milk contain 4.26% fat, 3.27% protein, 4.31% lactose, 12.95% total solids, 0.75% ash, and 87.05% water. Lactose is the main component of Egyptian camel milk. It comprises 92.37% of the carbohydrate. Proximate analyses indicated that mineral composition [mg/100 gm] of Egyptian camel milk was: 111.36 Ca; 81.17 P; 0.23 Fe; 0.51 Zn; 57.84 Na; 156.2 K; 6.70 Mg; 0.061; Cu; and 0.0127 Mn. Human milk was free from any microbes while some camel milk are contaminated and had bacterial load above the permitted level. Both human and camel milk are free of Aflatoxin M[1]. The major components of mature camel milk differs from those reported previously for camels' milk. Protein, ash [mineral] contents of camel milk are higher than human beings; energy yield and fat, moisture, and total solids are similar to human milk. Camel milk is low in carbohydrates or lactose content relevant to human milk. Mineral content of camel milk agree with some reports and disagree with others on comparing with other camels' milk. Mineral content of camel milk are higher than that of human milk. The increase range from approximately 2 folds for Mg or Cu to approximately 18 folds for Mn. On the other hand, disregard of sanitary practices will result in heavily contaminated milk that spoils rapidly. However, milking performed under hygienic conditions with strict attention to sanitary practices will result in a product with low bacterial load and good keeping quality. Camel milk could be used as supplements in infant feeding but can not replace mothers milk

Evaluation of multiple transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate for the detection of prostate cancer

To evaluate different regimens used in transrectal [TRUS] guided biopsy and to identify the optimal [TRUS] biopsy regimen, a prospective study included 80 consequent men undergoing biopsy either because of an elevated PSA> 4 ng/ml and/or abnormal digital rectal examination. Biopsies yielded 34 patients with prostate cancer giving a positive biopsy rate of 42.5%. Traditional sextant biopsy diagnosed 30 patients [88.2%]out of 34 patients with prostate cancer, while laterally directed biopsies detected 32patients [94%]. Positive transitional biopsy was positive in only two patients. No single case of prostate cancer was diagnosed only by transitional zone biopsies. The highest detection rate among traditional sextant biopsy sites were at the apex [88%] while the lowest were at the base [67.4%]. None of patients developed major complications. A sextant biopsy, far laterally oriented, regimen is the optimum transrectal biopsy regimen for detection of prostate cancer