Study of analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of cinammom

The side effects due to application of synthetic analgesic drugs in the clinical practice have turned on researchers to focus on development of herbal medicine as more appropriate analgesic agents. The aim of this study was evaluation the analgesic effects of hydroalcholic extract of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum in comparison with morphine and aspirin. For preparing the hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum the maceration method was used. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups of 6 rats, randomly and treated groups have received 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg extract and the two positive control groups received 2.5 mg/kg morphine or 300mg/kg aspirin. Negative control group received normal saline [5ml/kg] and an additional group also received 600 mg/kg extract+1 mg/kg naloxan intraperitonealy respectively. 50 |iil formalin 2.5% was injected in right hindpaw subcutaneously and analgesic behaviors were scored. The results revealed that the Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract had analgesic effect as dose-dependent and its analgesic effective dose was 600 mg/kg. Our results showed that the analgesic effect of its best effective dose [600mg/kg] on acute pain was more than aspirin while it was less than morphine. Also the effect of extract on chronic pain was less than morphine and aspirin. There were no significant differences between analgesic effects of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract with naloxone or alone. We concluded that the analgesic effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum extract is dose-dependent and is driven negatively through opioid receptors

[ effect of saliva officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on analgesic effect of morphine in rat]

There are some reports in Iranian traditional medicine concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of Saliva Officinalis [SO]. In the present study with the aim of decreasing analgesic dose of morphine, analgesic effect of different doses of SO hydroalcoholic extract alone and associated with morphine were evaluated by tail flick in rats. Analgesic effects of SO hydroalcholic extract at doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg, i.p. were investigated. Then the influence of these doses associated with analgesic dose of morphine [2.5 mg/kg] was evaluated. Rats were placed into restrainer and then transferred into the tail flick apparatus with the intensity 55§C and cut off time=10 sec. In order to verify the role of opioid receptors on analgesic effect of SO extract, naloxone [1mg/kg, i.p.] was administered to one group of rats 15 min before receiving 800 mg/kg extract. Then, the data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test and significant difference between groups was accepted with P<0.05. The Data have shown that, the SO extract relieved pain in tail-flick test dose dependently and the most effective dose was 800 mg/kg. The maximum analgesic effect of the extract combined with morphine was observed at time point 45 min. Naloxane, opioid receptor antagonist could reduce analgesic effect of the extract. On the basis the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that the SO extract potentiates morphine antinociceptive effect and this means that the opioid system may be involved in the analgesic effect of this plant extract

[Effect of white mulberry leaves hydro-alcoholic extract on carrageenan-induced inflammation in male rat's hind paw]

Reviews of literature indicate that hydro- alcoholic extract of white mulberry leaves, possesses anti-inflammatory effects such as inhibition of nitric oxide, PGE2 and cytokines, which urged us to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of this leaves hydro-alholic extract on carrageenan- induced paw edema in rat. Hydroalcoholic extract of white mulberry [Morus alba] leaves was prepared by ethanol [70% V/V] and soxhlet's method. The rats grouped as: Intraperitoneal [ip] extract receiving [200, 400, 600 mg/kg], positive control [aspirin 300 mg/kg] and group that received saline. Thirty minutes folio wing the ip injection of materials, carrageenan [1% W/V] was injected into the rat's hind paw and the changes in rat's paw edema was assessed by plethysmometer for five hours at intervals of one hour. Compared with aspirin, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of extract had lower effect on reduction of rat's paw edema [P<0.001]. However, there was no significant difference between the group that received 600 mg/kg extract and aspirin group. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus alba leaves at 600 mg/kg dose similar to aspirin [300 mg/kg], significantly reduced the paw edema of rats and showed effective anti-inflammatory activity

[Mechanism of the interaction of cannabinoid system in central amygdale with opioid system]

Cannabinoids which are active compounds of marijuana show some pharmacological effects similar to the opioids. There are also functional interactions between both cannabinoid and opioid systems. In this study we investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in central amygdala and its interaction with opioid system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of opioid drugs on response-induced by intra-amygdala [intra-Amyg] microinjection of cannabinoid agents in rats, using elevated plus-maze test of anxiety. Intraperitoneal injection of morphine [3, 6 and 9 mg/kg] increased%OAT and%OAE, but not locomotor activity, showing an anxiolytic response. However, some doses of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone reduced%OAT and locomotor activity as well. Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, ACPA [at the dose of 1.25 and 5 ng/rat] increased%OAT and%OAE but not locomotor activity, thus showing an anxiolytic response, which was increased by morphine [6 mg/kg, i.p.] without any interaction. Naloxone also reduced ACPA effects. Intra-Amyg administration of CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251 [2.5, 25 and 100 ng/rat] did not alter%OAT and%OAE but higher doses of drug [25 and 100 ng/rat] reduced locomotor activity. However, the drug in combination of morphine anxiolytic response and with naloxone decreased anxiety. The results may indicate an anxiolytic for CB1 cannabinoid. Our results also showed that opioid system may have interaction with cannabinoid receptor in the amygdale

[The effect of Phenytoin on retention and retrieval of memory in mice]

Phenytoin [DPH] is widely used as prophylactic in partial and generalized epilepsy and also in the treatment of status epilepticus. Since long-term use of phenytoin may affect nervous system function, this study was done to determine the effect of phenytoin on retention and retrieval of memory in mice. In this study, using the passive avoidance apparatus, the effect of acute and chronic DPH [IP] on memory of male and female mice was randomly investigated. The effect of acute and chronic doses of DPH on memory was determined by comparison between complete stepped down time of animals receiving DPH and blank group [Receiving 30% propylenglycol] and control group [Untreated]. The results of this study showed impairment in memory retention by 125 mg/kg acute dosage of DPH, although it did not change memory retrieval. Also, 50 and 75 mg/kg acute dosage of DPH [for 21 consecutive days] impair memory. Results obtained from recent study showed acute and chronic administration of phenytoin impair memory in mice

[Preventive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of matricaria chamomilla on nicotine induced convulsions in mice]

Background and Objective: Convulsions are the most important symptom of generalized epileptic attacks, a neurological disorder in which many people of different societies are suffering from it. Because of the side effects and toxicity of the synthetic drugs, nowadays herbal medicines are used in the treatment of convulsions. This study was performed to survey the anti convulsion effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria Chamomilla on Nicotine induced convulsions in mice

Methods: In dose-response study, different doses for the extracts [500, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg] were injected to test groups [Each group 8 animals] intraperitoneally, and control group received normal saline [1ml/100g IP]. After 30 minutes, nicotine [5 mg/kg] was given to all groups [IP] and the time for onset, duration and intensity of the convulsions were recorded. In time-response study, the most effective dose of extract [1000 mg/kg] and normal saline were administered 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes before nicotine injection, respectively and time for onset, duration and intensity of convulsions were recorded

Findings: Results of dose-response showed that 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg of extract increasing time for onset and decrease duration of convulsions. The results of time-response showed that, the time for onset, duration and intensity of convulsions, increased, decreased and decreased for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, respectively

Conclusion: Results obtained from this study showed hydroalcoholic extracts of Matricaria Chamomilla has anti convulsions effect. In order to know the mechanism of action of extracts, it needs more study on different animals models