[Effect of hexanic and hydroalcoholic extract of Cannabis sativa flowers on inflammatory paw edema in rats]

Background and Objective: Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 activities on arachidonic fatty acids of cell membrane produces prostaglandins which involved in inflammatory processes. This study was done to evaluate the effect of hexanic and hydroalcoholic extract of Cannabis sativa flowers on inflammatory paw edema in rats

Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats were allocated into the control, sham, sodium salicylate [300mg/kg/bw] and hydroalcoholic extract of heated flowers in 1, 10 and 50 mg/kg/bw, hydroalcoholic extract of unheated flowers in 50mg/kg/bw and hexanic extract of heated flower in 50mg/kg/bw, intraperitonally. 30 minutes after injection, inflammatory edema volume due to sub plantar injection of formalin [0.05 ml, 2.5%] measeared using plethysmometric method

Results: Intraperitonally injection of 50mg/kg/bw, of hydroalcoholic and hexanic extracts of heated flowers significantly reduced in inflammatory paw edema induced by formalin [P<0.05]. Also, 50mg/kg/bw, hydroalcoholic extract of unheated flowers reduced the inflammatory paw edema in comparison with heated extracts [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of heated flowers decreased inflammation-induced paw edema in dose-dependent manner. The extract of unheated flowers, leads to more reduction of the inflammatory paw edema in comparison to heated flower extract, it can be due to carboxylated cannabinoid present in the hydroalcoholic extract of unheated flowers

Early experiences of abuse and current depressive disorders in Iranian women

Early experience of abuse may be viewed as a risk factor for mental disorders in women later in life. This case-control study in Isfahan screened 709 women aged 20-45 years using the Beck Depression Inventory and structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV criteria. Lifetime history of abuse was determined using a standard questionnaire. Among the women 35.1% had experienced fear of or actual abuse [physical, sexual or both] in childhood or adolescence. The risk of having major depression in adult life was significantly higher in women who experienced abuse in childhood and adolescence [OR 4.3], severe degrees of abuse [OR 3.9] or multiple forms of abuse [OR 3.8]

[Evaluation of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of employees in Mashhad Health Centers No 1, 2 and 3 in 2006]

Health is the base for Development and also health level is affected by the development. Through Culture Promotion attracting Public cooperation, we can change their knowledge, attitude and behaviour about oral and dental health. This study aimed at determining the level of knowledge, attitude and behaviour among staff of health and treatment centers No1, 2 and 3 of Mashhad city about oral and dental health. This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. This study was conducted on 186 staff of health centers in the city of Mashhad who had been selected through multistage sampling. After completing of the questionnaires by the staff, the data were collected and then analyzed by Kruskal Wallis statistical test. This study showed that among the 186 cases studied, 23.1% had good knowledge and 19.9% had poor knowledge about oral and dental health, while only 2.2% had good attitude and 9.2% of the cases had good behaviour. This study showed that the level of knowledge about oral and dental health had a statistically significant relationship with educational level [P=0.004], so that the dentists had the highest level of knowledge and the technicians had the lowest level. This study revealed that among these three health centers in Mashhad, health center No 2 staff had the lowest knowledge level. According to the low knowledge, attitude and behavior of the staff of the health centers No 1, 2 and 3, establishment of strategies for continuous education courses seems necessary