[Prevalence of fatty liver in overweight, ohese and normal children]

Background and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide and it is defined as a disorder of excess fat accumulation in the liver. This study | was done to determine the prevalence of fatty liver among overweight, obese and normal children

Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 90 children ages 5 to 13 years old in Taleghani pediatric theching hospital in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2014. Subjects according to Body Mass Index [BMI] classified into obese [95%>BMI], over weight [85-95% BMI] and normal [5-85% BMI]. Childern were matched for age and sex. Liver enzymes [ALT Alanine aminotransferase and AST [Aspartate aminotransferase] and lipid profile includingTriglyceride: TG [High Density Lipoprotein: HDL and [Low Density Lipoprotein: LDL were measured and fatty liver evaluated based on sonographic parameters by a radiologist who didnot know children's BMI

Results: The prevalence of fatty liver was 23.3% in obese children that was non- significantly higher j than normal [16.7%] and over weight [16.7%] children. The prevalence of fatty liver was not] significantly different between two sexes. AST was significantly higher in children with normal BMI j in compared to obese and over weight children [P<0.05]. The highest and lowest level of cholesterol J was seen in obese and normal children [P<0.05]

Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of fatty liver non-significantly was higher u] obese children in comparision with normal and over weight children

[Effect of low temperature and rhizobacteria on seed germination and seedling growth of isabgol [plantago ovate forsk]]

One of the most values of medicinal plants is Plantago ovata. That is belonging of Plantaginace family. Low and irregular germination is the most problem of medicinal plants which that occur in stage of germination under the low temperature at the first of spring. This study has evaluated the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on seed germination and seedling growth of Isabgol [Plantago ovate forsk], under low temperature conditions. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of randomizes complete design with four replications. The treatments consisted of different bacterial strains of pseudomonas [Putida 108, Fluorescens 112 and 11], Azotobacter Chroococum strains [5, 15 and 35], Azospirillum strains [lipoferum, Brasilense and Irakines], Mesorhizobium strains [Ic59, Ic2091 and SWRI7], control [without rhizobacteria infection] and temperatures [5, 10 and 20 c]. Germination parameters were significantly affected by temperature, bacterial strains and the interaction of treatments. In 5c temperature conditions, Psedumonas strains have the most effected on germination index, radicle and hypocotyl length, seedling vigor index, germination duration index. In 10c temperature conditions, the maximum germination percentages, germination rate, hypocotyl to radical ratio were obtained by using azotobacter and Mesorhizobium. We suggest that apply of plant growth promoting batteries content of ACC di-aminaz could be decrease ethylene production of cold stress

[Determine the satisfaction level of services which are given to elderly in Rasht disabled and elderly residential]

Introduction: oldness is an inevitable phase in the end of every human's life, so knowing the process of oldness and special problems of it and designing curative and supportive services for it is a necessity for medical principles of the every society

Objective: determine satisfaction of services which are given to elderly in Rasht disabled and elderly residential in 2008

Materials and Methods: this is a descriptive census study. Date was collected from questionnaire and interview of 100 person population of RDER who had more than 55 years old and hadn't dementia or psychological and mental disorders according to their medical files. The study was a survey [without sampling] and the data collection was done by a researcher made questionnaire. The disabilities were measured by LTC disability categories and answers which are given in interviews. Questionnaire had two parts: The first part collected demographic data, the second part related to physical mental social and physical Environment. Following Likert, every question had five answers as satisfied: completely [4], satisfied [3], unsatisfied [2], unsatisfied completely [1] and no opinion [0]. Satisfaction level was classified as weak [0-33], moderate [34-66] and high [67-100]. Data analysis was done by Man Whitney, croscal wallis and spearman and tocki indices and one way variance analysis using SPSS 14

Results: level of satisfaction from physical cares was 58% , from psychological cures was 66.29% , from social cares was 59.39% and from physical environment was 71.1% . There was a statistically significant relation between satisfactions from physical services with the marital status, Income average level and inabilities in ADLs; Relation between menial satisfaction and previous residential place, relation between social satisfaction from physical environment and gender were significant

Conclusion: the overall level of satisfaction from services which are given in RDER was in middle range [62.07%]. Therefore menagerie and executive officials of RDER Should modify, their plan of care giving for preparation of more equipment and educated care givers [Especially psychologists], special services for religious and spiritual rituals, sports and entertainment. This modification should cover abilities and desires of olds and make opportunity for visiting friends and family beside routine programs