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Myiasis of different organs has been reported from various regions in the world. Infection of the eye might appear as eyelids problems or conjunctiva [ophthalmomyiasis externa], or the larvae may invade into the eye [ophthalmomyiasis interna]. We report 4 human cases of external ophthalmic myasis from Yazd province, in central region of Iran. All of them referred with symptoms of acute conjunctivitis. Mean age of patients was 34 years. All of them were male and from rural areas. Multiple larvae were observed over the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. After removing larva, symptoms relieved within a few hours. The organisms were identified as Oestrus ovis
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Background and Aims: Sonography has enjoyed much attention as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for carpal tunnel syndrome in recent years. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of anatomic variations of existence or absence of palmaris longus and fifth superficial flexor tendons on the sonographic measurement of median nerve surface area in healthy individuals' wrists
Methods: 93 volunteers without any symptoms related to carpal tunnel syndrome underwent clinical evaluation for determining presence of tendons in both wrists and also, sonographic measurement of median nerve surface area
Results: In 22 of 186 hands [11.82%], there was absence of the palmaris longus tendon and absence of the fifth flexor was noted in 8 [4.30%]. The median nerve surface area in the hands without palmaris longus was meaningfully less than the hands with it [P = 0.025], while the difference in the median nerve surface area was not statistically significant regarding the presence of the fifth flexor [P = 0.324]
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that the median nerve surface, area as a sonographic finding, is probably related to presence or absence of the palmaris Longus tendon. So, those hands with the tendon present have larger surface areas. Also, it seems that this sonographic finding is not dependent on the presence of fifth superficial flexor tendon
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Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. is one of the most important mountainous medicinal plants in Iran. This study was done to determine the biomechanical evaluation of root extract ointment of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. on wound healing in rats. In this experimental study, 18 male adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control [I], vehicle [II] and treated group with ointment containing of extract 1% of root of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss, [III]. 20 mm vertical skin incision wound were made on rats back side. The assessment of the wound healing was carried out at day 14. At the end of study, rats were sacrificed, skin sample were extracted and evaluated by biomechanical method [maximum force, elastic stiffness, energy absorption]. There was no significant difference in biomechanical parameters among the treated, vehicle and control groups. Topical application of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. root have no effect on healing of skin wound in animal model
Subject(s)
Wound Healing , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots , Plant Preparations , Plant Extracts , Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
In many countries, especially in developing countries, diarrheal diseases are among the most important causes of mortality. In these countries, due to availability of transfer conditions of parasitic infections, [pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite] the prevalence of these disorders is high. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites causing diarrhea in Gorgan. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1086 patients with acute diarrhea using wet-mount method and formalin-ether concentration test, according to WHO protocol. of 1086, 197 [18.1%] are infected with intestinal parasites, 141 [13%] with Protozoa and 79 [7.27%] with intestinal worms. The prevalence, using wet-mount method, of Entamoeba histolytica is 69 [6.4%], Giardia lamblia is 27 [2.5%], entamoeba coli is 15 [1.4%] and chilomastix mesnili is 8 [0.7%]. With formalin-ether method, Hymenolepis nana in 26 [2.4%], Trichostrongylus in 16 [1.5%], Enterobius vermicularis in 10 [0.9%] are observed. The high prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica shows the leading role of this parasite in causing acute diarrhea. Having knowledge about epidemiology and applying rapid diagnostic procedures can be helpful to promote public health
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Of the most common hypochromic microcytic anemia are iron deficiency anemia and minor thalassemia, which are common in Iran and their differential diagnosis is extremely important. The level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D is the indication of vitamin D blood status. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of vitamin D in people with minor thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia with healthy subjects in order to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and iron absorption. In this case-control study, 24 patients with minor thalassemia, 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 24 healthy individuals participated. Groups were matched for age and sex. Testing of Vitamin D level by ELISA, ferritin by quantitative luminescence method and HbA2 by column chromatography was carried out. The number of individuals with low level of vitamin D in iron deficiency group is 15 [75%], in minor thalassemia group is 8 [33/3%] and in the control group 11[45.8%]. In this study, the highest percentage of vitamin D deficiency is observed in cases with iron deficiency anemia. Because of association between vitamin D and anemia, iron and vitamin D supplementation is recommended to enrich the diet
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The curative properties of garlic in medicine have been known for a long time. However, it was only in the last three decades when garlic properties were seriously investigated confirming its potential as therapeutic medicine. The aim of this study was to measure the MIC of aqueous and methanolic extracts of garlic and to compare them with ketoconazole as positive control. In this laboratory study, the fresh smelly bulb of garlic was cleaned, skinned dryad and powdered. Garlic powder was solved in 80% methanol and distilled water. This yellow solution remained in the lab for 4 days. After that the stimmed, filtered and concentrated solution was kept remained inside the pipet in oven for 48h in 50[degree]C to make dry extract. Then methanol and aqueous dilutions [0.625 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/d 2.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 20 mg/ml] were prepared separately from 200mg powder of the concentrated extracts of garlic. Three strains of dermatophytes were cultured on the media which contained different dilutions. This experimental study showed that the rate of the effect of the aqueous extracts of garlic on Sporothrix schenckii in the minimum dilution [0.625mghl] was 8% and in the maximum dilution [20 mg/ml] was 100%. This rate in methanol extract on the same fungus was 25% and 100% in 10mg/ml dilution, respectively. The amounts of the effects of extracts on Candida albicans were 17% in the minimum dilution and 100% in 10% dilution. The effect of this plant on Cryptococcus neoforrnans was more than our expectation, because the amount of MIC in all dilutions was close to its minimum dilution [0.625mg/ml]. As the effects of the garlic extracts were the same or even more than ketoconazole and also regarding the side effects of the synthetic drugs, the use of herbs as useful drugs are necessary
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There are many reports about the antimicrobial and the antifungal effects of Myrtal extract. This comparative and experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of Myrtus communis extract on 3 species, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum versus clotrimazole in guinea pigs. In this experimental study, ninthy three guinea pigs [450g body weight] were divided into 27 groups and inoculated with T. mentagrophytes, M. canis and M. gypseum. After the appearance of infections' symptoms, the infected animals in different groups, were treated with the 1%, 2% and 5% of gel, ointment or, the methanolic extract solution of Myrtus communis. One precent Clotrimazole was used for the positive control groups. Guinea pigs which were contaminated with M.canis did not show any signs of recovery after treatment with ointment in contrast to the solution and the gel [p<0.01]. The best results of improvement were observed in the cases infected with T. mentagrophytes but not against M. gypseum. There were no significant differences among myrtal concentrations against T. mentagrophytes. Overall, evaluating the results indicated that the effects of myrtal extracts on the anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes on the animal models were much better than 1% clotrimazole, although the animal model is very resistant to this ointment
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In this experimental trial, 133 patients with single long bone fracture requiring surgery, admitted in Shahid Mohammadi hospital [Bandar Abbas/Iran] from June 2002 to April 2003, were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the first group [72 individuals], after the completion of the operation a single hemovac drain was inserted, while in the second group [61 patients] no drain was used. The 2 groups had no statistically significant difference in regard to age, sex and antibiotic use before and after the operation [P>0.05]. At the end of the 6-month follow up period the difference between the 2 groups in regard to analgesic demand in the 1st post-operative 48 hours, the need for dressing change in the 1st post-operative 24 hours because, of wetness, hematoma formation and post-operative infection was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. According to these results it seems that hemovac drain is not effective in these aspects
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An extremely rare case of floating second metatarsal is reported. The reported case is a young man with simultaneous dislocation of tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the second metatars following a car accident. Because of patient's discontent for open surgery, blind percutaneus pinning was performed that was not completely successful and in follow up radiography, 18 months later, degenerative joint disease [DJD] signs were observed. In examining patients with injuries of the tarsometatarsal joint, the physician must pay attention to the whole foot as the forces acting on it which are axial and compressive can injure the metatarsophalangeal joint [in the same or the adjacent ray] as well. After reporting the case, we will discuss the probable mechanism and different aspects of this rare traumatic injury
ABSTRACT
In this experimental trial, 133 patients with single long bone fracture requiring surgery, admitted in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital [Bandar Abbas/Iran] from June 2002 to April 2003, were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group [72 individuals], after the completion of the operation a single hemovac drain was inserted, while in the second group [61 patients] no drain was used. The two groups had no statistically significant difference in regard to age, sex and antibiotic use before and after the operation [P>0.05]. At the end of the 6-month follow up period the difference between the two groups in regard to analgesic demand in the first postoperative 48 hours, the need for dressing change in the first postoperative 24 hours because, of wetness, hematoma formation and postoperative infection was not statistically significant [P> 0.05].According to these results it seems that hemovac drain is not effective in these aspects
Subject(s)
Humans , Suction , Drainage , Pain, Postoperative , Analgesics , Bandages , Hematoma , Surgical Wound Infection , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
An extremely rare case of floating second metatarsal is reported. The reported case is a young man with simultaneous dislocation of tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the second metatarsus following a car accident. Because of patient's discontent for open surgery, blind percutaneus pinning was performed that was not completely successful and in follow up radiography, 18 months later, degenerative joint disease [DJD] signs were observed. In examining patients with injuries of the tarsometatarsal joint, the physician must pay attention to the whole foot as the forces acting on it which are axial and compressive can injure the metatarsophalangeal joint [in the same or the adjacent ray] as well. After reporting the case, we will discuss the probable mechanism and different aspects of this rare traumatic injury
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Joint Dislocations , Metatarsal Bones/injuries , OsteoarthritisABSTRACT
Background: current knowledge suggests that students approach their study in surface, deep or strategic manners. The knowledge of students' approaches to study, and the factors that affect their choice are important for curriculum planners as well as nurse and midwife educators
Purpose: the aim of this study was to investigate the approaches to study of nursing and midwifery baccalaureate students at Fatemeh School of Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students
Methods: a questionnaire containing a number of questions regarding the demographic characteristics and the validated Persian translation of the inventory was administered to all nursing and midwifery students
Results: a significantly higher numbers of students adopted deep approach. There was a significant negative correlation between the stage of study and the use of surface approach by midwifery students. Moreover. There was a significantly positive correlation between the level of interest in the field of study and the use of strategic approach for nursing and midwifery students. The grade point averages of nursing students were positively correlated with their use of deep or strategic approaches
Conclusion: this study showed the majority of nursing and midwifery students were using deep approach to learning. It also showed that in higher years these students tended to use deep or strategic approach. Moreover, it demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between students' levels of interest or grade point averages and the adoption of deep or strategic approaches