ABSTRACT
Background: Production of anti-Toxoplasma drug with high efficacy and low side effect is one of the main priorities in toxoplasmosis researches. Herbal extracts has considered as a candidate for this purpose
Objective: This study was performed in order to determine lethal effect of Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L. and Gossypium hirsutum extracts on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro free cell line
Methods: Tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml of Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L., and Gossypium hirsutum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 min. Afterward, the tachyzoites were stained with alkaline methylene blue. Mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined. The results were analyzed with one way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test by SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant
Results: The overall, 100% of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml of Artemisia absinthium L. and 200 mg/ml of Carum copticum L. after 10, 30, and 45 min treatment. The lowest mortality rates at concentration of 10 mg/ml were 19.6 +/- 8.4, 4.30 +/- 2.26, and 4.63 +/- 2.1 for Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L., and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. The highest and lowest mortality rate of tachyzoites by Gossypium hirsutumin extract was 13.3 +/- 7.1. The mortality of tachyzoites were confirmed by bioassay in mice
Conclusion: Anti-Toxoplasma activities of Artemisia absinthium L. and Carum copticum L. were significantly higher than Gossypium hirsutum. Further studies in order to clarify effectors are recommended
ABSTRACT
Dyes are one of the most widely used components in different industries. Recently much attention has been focused on the replacement of natural pigments instead of synthetic colors. One of the most important sources for the production of natural pigments are medicinal plants that small number of them used as industrial and some of them are traditionally used. The worldwide demand for natural dyes increases nowadays due to environmental and echo friendly of them. Many of the plants used for dye extraction are classified as medicinal and some of these have recently been shown to possess remarkable antimicrobial and antiinflamtory activities. The present review describes important information about dye-yelding herbs and their medicinal properties
ABSTRACT
Scrophularia striata plant containing anti-inflammatory compounds and have nitric oxide production inhibiting properties. So can be an analgesic and act particularly on inflammatory kind of pain. The effect of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Scrophularia striata was investigated on pain with formalin test in the male rats. In this study 40 Wistar male rats [250 to 300 g] were used and 8 animals were divided into five groups: 1.Control: [solvent], 2- Diclofenac [5 mg/kg], 3 - 6. Groups: Use extract with doses 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg intraperitoneally. At test time, the extract solved with 10 microl DMSO and diluted by adding PBS and injected into the peritoneum [0.5 ml volume]. After 30 minute, 50 microl formalin 2.5% injected to the right foot floor subcutaneously and the animal's pain behavior were recorded every 15 seconds for about 60 minutes. The final data of both acute and chronic pain phases were analyzed separately by using one-way ANOVA. In the acute phase, administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of Scrophularia striata decreased symptoms of pain than the control group [p <0.05, p <0.01]. In the chronic phase, the extract caused a significant reduction in pain scores compared to controls, especially in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg [p <0.01]. Our results showed that peripheral injection of ethanolic extracts of Scrophularia striata can significantly produces analgesic effects and provides most pain alleviation on the chorionic phase of the formalin test
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Pain , Pain Management , Rats, Wistar , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Plants, Medicinal , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Studies have demonstrated that plant extracts have various biological effects including immunomodulatory effect. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of Lavandula officinalis on lymphocyte proliferation and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokine production were investigated. [3H] - thymidine incorporation assay on stimulation of the peripheral lymphocytes with PHA and determination of tumor necrosis factor alpha production was assayed, using LISA method. The herbal extract in a concentration of 50 micro g/ml and lesser, in the presence of mitogen increased peripheral blood lymphocytes proliferation. However, there was not significant effect in concentrations more than 50 micro g/ml. Also, the extract in the concentration of higher than 50 micro g/ml suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the exposed cells. The extract showed immunomodulatory effect by increasing of lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration of 50 micro g/ml and lesser. Also, decreasing in tumor necrosis factor alpha in the concentration of more than 50 micro g/ml was observed. Further studies, should focus on identifying the immunomodulatory mediator of this herbal extract