ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] is the second most common cause of peptic-ulcer and a common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding [UGIB]. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and behavioral characteristics of the hospitalized patients with UGIB who had been using NSAIDs, in Tohid hospital in Sanandaj, in Iran
Material and Method: This descriptive, analytical study, included patients hospitalized in gastroenterology ward of Tohid Hospital due to UGIB and with history of using NSAIDs and related compounds [from February 2015 to February 2016]. We used a questionnaire to record demographic, social, cultural and clinical characteristics of the subjects. Endoscopy was performed to determine causes of UGIB. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software
Results: 60 patients were men [58.3%] and 43 were women [41.7%] with the mean age of 52.85+/-20.03. 8.4% of subjects had a family history of peptic ulcers in their first degree relatives, 26.9% and 6.8% had history of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages respectively. 53.3% of the subjects had history of underlying disease of which chronic heart disease was the most frequent disorder [36%]. The most frequent drugs used by the patients were aspirin and ibuprofen [58.3% and 42.7%, respectively]. UGIB associated with aspirin use was more prevalent among the men than women. The main cause of bleeding [67%] was ulcer .There were no significant differences between causes of bleeding and use of NSAIDs, gender, age and age range of the patients. Also there was no significant difference in the mean age between both sexes [P> 0.5]
Conclusion: Considering the role of NSAIDs in UGIB, provision of necessary training for the correct use of NSAIDs [according to indications] and measures to eradicate H.Pylori infection will result in significant decrease in morbidity and mortality from UGIB in these patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Upper Gastrointestinal Tract , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Surveys and Questionnaires , EndoscopyABSTRACT
Reduction in cerebral blood flow following cereblal ischemia cause the production of oxygen free radicals and finally leads to brain tissue destruction. Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of hippocampus are highly sensitive to hypoxic condition. This study was done to determine the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] and vitamine E on cellular density of CA1 hippocampal area, learning ability and memory, following ischemia - reperfusion injury in mice. This experimental study was done on 40 male mice in 5 groups as follow: sham control, ischemia, hCG treated, vitamine E treated and hCG + vitamine E treated groups. Single dose of vitamin E was injected intraperitonaly during the establishment of reperfusion and hCG was injected from 48h after ischemia for 5 days. Folowing the treatment period, mice brains were fixated by transcardial perfusion and stained by nissle method. The shuttle box was used to evaluate the learning memory. Co-administartion of vitamine E and hCG, significantly increased the cell numbers in hippocampus compared to the ischemic group [P<0.001]. Also learning and memory improved in treatment group in comparison with ischemia group [P<0.05]. Co-administration of vitamin E and hCG improved ischemia-induced neurodegenration and memory impairment