Perception of facial profile attractiveness in the anteroposterior and vertical planes by lay people

The aims of this study were to evaluate the perception of facial attractiveness in male and female profile silhouette images that were incrementally altered to produce different combinations of anteroposterior positions and lower anterior facial heights and to determine whether a difference exists in evaluating the male and female profile images. A profile photograph of an adult male and adult female that presented with a Class I anteroposterior relationship and an average lower anterior facial height was used. The positions of the mandible and maxilla were incrementally changed in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions using Adobe Photoshop to produce nine different profile images for each of the male and female models. Silhouettes were produced from these images and rated for attractiveness by 109 lay people on a scale of 1 to 10. The means and standard deviations for the rankings were calculated. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test for the differences in the ratings of the male and female profile images. The Class I image with reduced vertical dimensions was scored significantly more attractive for the female than the male facial profile [P < 0.01]. While the Class III with average vertical dimensions and the Class III with reduced vertical dimensions images were considered less attractive for the female than the male facial profiles [P < 0.05]. Class I male and female profile images were perceived as the most attractive and Class III profile images as the least attractive by lay people. The results may assist orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons in treatment planning and in presenting different treatment options for patients. Racial and cultural differences exist in the perception of facial attractiveness, and clinicians should take that into consideration

Manufacture of soft cheese with multiple health benefits 1- Fortified with vegetables oils and parsley juice [as natural antioxidants]

UF-soft cheese was prepared from UF milk retentate containing either 3% milk fat or mixed milk fat + vegetable oils [1:1] and fortified with 1-5% parsley juice and cold storied for 30 days. The total phenolic [TPC] and carotenoids [TCC] contents were determined and antioxidant properties were measured using DPPH and FRAP methods in retentates and cheeses. Also, the chemical composition was evaluated and sensory properties evaluation of fresh and storied cheese were evaluated. Fortification of retentate with different concentrations of parsley juice increased significantly its content of phenolic compounds and carotenoids and consequently its antioxidant activity. Partial replacing milk fat with mixed olive + sunflower oils [1:1] increased markedly TPC and TCC. Pasteurization of retentates increased its TPC, RSA% and FRAP values, but TCC was not greatly affected. Addition of 3% NaCI to retentates reduced slightly its TPC, TCC, and RSA% and FRAP values. On the other hand there was noticeable increase in the TPC, TCC, RSA% and FRAP values of the fresh fortified cheese especially those made with mixture of milk fat and vegetable oils. However, the antioxidant activity and scores for sensory attributes decreased gradually in all cheeses during storage, but UF-soft cheeses with parsley juice gained higher flavour scores and general acceptability than control when fresh and throughout the cold storage

Effects of Beta 2 adrenergic agonist [terbutaline], in dogs with acute hyperkalemia

This work was carried out to study the effects of gradually increasing doses of terbutaline [B2 agonist] on canine model of acute hyperkalemia to evaluate the possible use of B2 agonists in the management of acute hyperkalemia. The latter was induced by IV. infusion of Kcl during the whole period of the experiment, 4 hours. Potassium chloride infusion leads to a gradual increase in plasma K+ and no significant change in plasma glucose or arterial Bp. Hyperkalemic ECG changes depend on plasma K+ level ending in marked widening of QRS and large undulated pattern and lastly asystole. Administration of terbutaline IV in gradually increasing doses, and increasing by the same for 5 doses, resulted in dose related decrease of plasma K+ and increase in glucose levels. Also, terbutaline converted ECG changes induced by Kcl loading to sinus rhythm and prevented the ECG changes resulting from continuous Kcl infusion. The effect of terbutaline is mediated through stimulation of B2 receptors, since it is blocked by non selective blockade B1 and B2 [propranolol] and not by selective B1 blockade [atenolol]. So, correction of hyperkalemic ECG changes following terbutaline is a result of a decreased plasma K+ level, which is blocked by propranolol and is not affected by atenolol

Study of the DAN content breast cancer: its prognostic significance and its correlation to estrogen receptors

The DNA content of primary tumour tissue has been measured by static cytophotometry in 61 female patients with breast cancer. Also the estrogen receptor content of the tumour cells was determined for only 44 patients [Out of the 61 patients subjected to this study], using the monoclonal estrogen receptor enzyme immunoassay technique. There was absence of significant correlation between DNA ploidy and the estrogen receptor status. However, when the effect of DNA ploidy status upon the prognosis was studied in combination with the estrogen receptor status, there was usually a significant effect upon the prognosis

Evaluation of new prognostic parameters in breast cancer

The DNA content was determined for 61 female patients with primary breast cancer by static cytophotometry. Four prognostic parameters were used for assessment; the ploidy status, the DNA distribution histogram types, the DNA index and the nuclear area. The patients were followed up for up to 47 months with a mean follow up period of 22.38 months to determine the outcome of the disease. The disease free survival and total survival were both significantly longer for patients with diploid tumours than for patients with aneuploid tumours, they were longer for patients with histogram types I and II than for patients with histogram types III and IV, they were longer for patients with DNA index<2 than for patients with DNA index >2 and they were also longer for patients with tumours of small nuclear area than for patients with tumours with large nuclear area. However, the difference in survival could not reach the threshold of satatistical significance for the last three parameters

Is carcinoma of the breast in Egyptian females highly aggressive?

A new technique has been introduced to detect the degree of aggression of breast cancer, this is the estimation of the DNA content of malignant tumours of the breast by cytophotometry to determine the ploidy status of the tumour. This can give a good hint about the behavior of the disease. The cellular DNA content of 61 female patients, chosen at random, and suffering from carcinoma of the breast was determined by static cytophotometry using modified Feulgen stain. This showed that 65.57 percent of the tumours were aneuploid while 34.43 percent were diploid. The disease free interval and the total survival were longer for diploid than for aneuploid patients

Ultrasonographic tissue characterization of thyroid diseases

Fifty patients presenting with thyroid enlargement [Goitre], were included in this study. All of them were assessed clinically, then ultrasonography of the neck was performed. Computerized Ultrasonographic tissue characterization was done for all the patients using the statistical image texture parameters, the speckle parameters and attenuation. Surgery and then pathological examination of the removed thyroid were done to all the patients, so as to compare and assess the accuracy of this new technique. By measuring the principle component of all the parameters done for every case, the discrimination between benign and malignant cases was evaluated, unit sensitivity of 94.7 percent, and a specificity of 75 percent were obtained. However, in the discrimination between different pathologies, there was some overlap of adenomas with Hashimoto's disease and cysts of the thyroid. Also, secondary toxic goitre showed overlapping with thyroid adenomas, thyroid cysts and colloid nodular goitre

Modified mastectomy or radical mastectomy

Fifty Egyptian patients with curable cancer of the breast stages I and II had a modified radical mastectomy which was then completed into a Halsted radical mastectomy. The number of lymph nodes that could be retrieved from the completion specimen both -ve and +ve were looked for. The results were disappointing for the modified procedure. The completion specimen showed the presence of lymph nodes in 29 patients [58%] and in seven patients [14%]; out of these 29 the lymph nodes showed malignant deposits. If and when the intended aim of the surgical treatment of breast cancer includes complete removal of the axillary lymph nodes, then Patey's mastectomy would be the wrong choice

catalytic activity of Cu X-Zeolite in CO-oxidation

The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over Cu X-zeolite a; 250 degree - 350 degree, is studied using a static method. The effect of mode of activation and copper content on the catalytic activity of the solid is investigated. Heating the catalyst sample at 400. Degree under a reduced pressure of 10[-4] Torr increases much its catalytic activity due to departure of the water content in zeolite catalyst. The removal of this water content in the form of OH groups from adjacent sites is accompanied by the formation of bridged oxygen ions bound to neighbor copper atoms. These bridged oxygen ions participate effectively in 3 CO-oxidation reaction. The substitution, of sodium ions up to 14.2 percent by copper ions in Cu X-zeolite is accompanied by slight increase in its catalytic activity, which increases much by increasing the extent of substitution in the range 30 - 60 percent. A mechanistic study of the catalytic oxidation of CO on different catalysts revealed that catalytic action proceeds according to the same mechanism; via surface interaction between adsorbed oxygen and gaseous carbon monoxide. The apparent energy of activation of CO-oxidation in contact with various catalysts in the temperature range 250 - 350 degree is found to be 18 +/- 1 kcal/mole