Survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi

Background: The improvement in the survival rate from cancer is increased due to advancement in the early detection, combined modality therapy and right therapeutic strategies. This study was aimed to assess the survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH).Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients aged 14 years and older with a diagnosis of NSCLC from 2007 to 2017 using electronic medical records at KAUH. Data analysis was performed by using Stata SE, version 15.0. Survival was defined as the time the patient lived in months from the date of pathological diagnosis to the date of last follow-up or death. All variables in a univariate and multivariate analysis were included.Results: Adenocarcinoma was the most common type of NSCLC observed in both genders, accounting for 43.70% of all cases. Of the patients diagnosed with NSCLC the overall median survival was 12.2 months (interval=16.9). And among all variables, surgical treatment was associated with a 71% relative reduction in risk of death (hazard ratio 0.29, p<0.014), and chemotherapy a 57% relative reduction in risk of death (hazard ratio 0.43, p<0.013).Conclusions: The median age of diagnosis of NSCLC in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was younger than United States of America, this could be due to many factors including smoking. The number of lung cancer cases among women was lower than men.

Quality of life assessment using the World Health Organization quality questionnaire pre- and post-otolaryngological surgery among patients in western Saudi Arabia

To evaluate the health-related quality of life [HRQoL] of patients' pre- and post-otolaryngological surgery. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent otolaryngological surgery in the western region of Saudi Arabia between March and October 2013. We administered the Arabic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument to all patients before surgery and 2-4 weeks after surgery. The demographic details such as age, gender, level of education, marital status, patients' incomes, otolaryngology diagnosis, and type of otolaryngology surgery were analyzed. A total of 99 patients [43 males and 52 females], ranging from 1-75 years of age [mean: 21.6 years], were included in this study. The most frequently diagnosed conditions were chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea due to adenoid enlargement. Adenotonsillectomy was the most frequently performed surgery, followed by septoplasty and myringotomy with grommet tube insertion. For all domains, patients had significantly higher scores post-surgery. The highest score was obtained for the social relationship domain and the lowest for the physical health domain. However, the highest differences between the pre- and post-surgery scores were for physical health [7.9], psychological [5.1], environmental [2.5], and social health [2.3] domains. The HRQoL of patients improved significantly after otolaryngology surgery

Dens invaginatus management with anatomical modification

Dens invaginatus is a dental anomaly that may show many different complex anatomical forms. The complexity of the internal anatomy of the root canal may create difficulties and challenges for treatment completion of the root canal. A 10-year-old girl was referred by her dentist suffering from pain and a persistent infection arising from the maxillary left lateral incisor. After clinical examination, the case was classified as Oehler's type II due to invagination extending through the root canal with no communication with the periodontal tissue. The main canal contained a central cylindrical mass of hard tissue. Owing to a limitation in access to the canal system and the cleaning and sealing of canal spaces, a modification of the internal anatomy of the canal system was achieved under the operating microscope. The conventional chemical and mechanical preparation with sodium hypochlorite combined with intracanal calcium hydroxide was done. The root canal was obturated with MTA. In this case, the conventional root canal treatment and the modification of the internal anatomy promoted the regression of the lesion noted at 2-year follow up

Genotype and antiretroviral drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Saudi Arabia

To analyze antiretroviral drug resistance and determine the genotype of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-l in Saudi patients by sequencing an amplified region of the viral pol gene. This retrospective study analyzed data from plasma samples submitted for genotypic drug sensitivity monitoring. Samples were analyzed at the Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from August 2004 to June 2009. The Viroseq2.5 kit [Celera/Abbott] was used with ABI Prism 3100 sequencer. All patients were Saudi nationals and were on antiretroviral therapy, some experiencing treatment failure. Based on protease region [PR], genotypes of 63 samples were as follows: C:22, G:21, B:9, CRF02_AG:5, D:3, A:l, F:l, and J:l. Based on reverse transcriptase region [RT], genotypes were as follows: C:23, G:24, B:9, CRF02 AG: 2, D:2, A:l, and F:l. Antiretroviral susceptibility testing results were as follows: 52% of the isolates were susceptible to all 3 major classes of antiretroviral drugs used, 41% had mutations known to confer high level resistance to one or more of the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 16% had mutations known to confer high level resistance to non-nucleoside analogues reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 13% had mutations known to confer high level resistance to one or more of the protease inhibitors [PI]. Most isolates were susceptible to 2 or at least one class of antiretroviral, and only 3% of the isolates had resistance to several members of all 3 classes. Antiretroviral resistance is not uncommon in Saudi patients on antiretroviral therapy

Distribution of ABO and Rh D blood groups in the population of Poonch district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

We evaluated the distribution of ABO and Rhesus [Rh] D blood groups in the population of Poonch district in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The blood group phenotypes were detected by the classic slide method. The ABO blood group system in the total sample showed the same trend of prevalence as for the general Indian subcontinent [B >/= O > A > AB]. The same trend was found among males, but among females the order of prevalence was different [O B > A > AB]. However, the allelic frequencies in both sexes were in the order of O > B > A. The Rh positive and negative distribution trend in both sexes was also similar

Congenital esophageal stenosis

Congenital esophageal stenosis CES is an uncommon anomaly that rarely goes undiagnosed until adulthood. We report 2 cases of CES. The first was a one-month-old baby boy who was referred for work up of swallowing disorder and recurrent pneumonias. The diagnosis was confirmed by a continuous fluoroscopic esophagogram, and endoscopic exploration. Simple dilatation resolved his symptoms completely. The second was an 18-month-old boy, who was referred with a feeding gastrostomy due to complete esophageal obstruction. Resection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed with uneventful postoperative course

Pleural flap for delayed presentation of intrathoracic esophageal perforation

The authors report 2 cases of large intrathoracic esophageal perforation, as a complication of foreign body in 2 boys, 4 and 9-years-old. The delay in diagnosis was more than 36 hours in both cases that were treated successfully by a large pleural flap. Postoperatively, solid oral feeding was initiated after 2 weeks. Although gastrostomy was not performed on both patients, in cases of large esophageal perforation, it is recommended to establish early feeding and prevent aggressive vomiting