ABSTRACT
Background@#Stenotic femoral intercondylar notch is considered as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and three-dimensional notch volume is used as a marker for the injury. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the difference in notch volume between the ACL-injured and uninjured in men and women combined or stratified by sex. The secondary purpose was to assess the difference in notch volume between the ACL-intact men and women. @*Methods@#A search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from inception to December 9, 2020, was conducted without restrictions using the following terms: ACL, notch, volume, notch volume, femoral notch volume, and intercondylar notch volume. Studies that compared the ACL-injured with uninjured controls were included. Independent extraction of articles by two authors using predefined data fields including study quality indicators was done. All pooled analyses were based on the inverse-variance weighted random effects model and mean difference was chosen as the effect measure. @*Results@#Nine studies (1,169 knees) qualified for overall analysis (both sexes combined) and significant heterogeneity was observed, which disappeared after pooling studies with age-sex matched controls and those without. Notch volume in the ACLinjured was 0.75 cm3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.96 cm3 ), which was smaller than that in the age- and sex-matched controls. Six studies qualified for analysis in men. Notch volume in the ACL-injured men was smaller, especially when non-contact ACL injury was considered (1.40 cm3 ; 95% CI, 1.08–1.73 cm3 ). Five studies qualified for analysis in women and ACL-injured women had smaller notch volume irrespective of the mechanism of injury (0.38 cm3 ; 95% CI, 0.18–0.59 cm3 ). Notch volume of the uninjured men was larger than that of the uninjured women (1.86 cm3 ; 95% CI, 1.54–2.18 cm3 ). @*Conclusions@#ACL-injured adults have smaller notch volume than the age- and sex-matched controls. Non-contact ACL-injured males have smaller notch volume compared to ACL-intact males. ACL-injured females have smaller notch volume irrespective of the nature of injury. Men have higher notch volume than women. The quality of evidence is very low to low.
ABSTRACT
The intraoperative awakening test is used to detect potential damage to the spinal cord during correction of scoliosis surgery. The awakening test was compared by two anesthetic techniques with controlled hypotensive anesthesia. In group 1, halothane was used as the inhalational anesthetic; while in group 2, propofol infusion was used as the main anesthetic. Each group consisted of 12 patients. It was found that time to open the eyes and move limbs to command during the awakening test was 18.2 minutes in halothane group and 12 minutes in propofol group. There were neither violent movements, nor anxiety reactions during the test
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , FemaleABSTRACT
Within 7 to 10 days after initiation of total parentral hyperalimentation with solutions lacking inorganic phosphates 8 out of 12 patients were found to be significantly hypophosphatemic [serum inorganic phosphate less than 1 mg/100 ml]. Slight nervous manifistations were observed in all of the 8 patients, one of them developed severe nervous manifistations which resulted into coma and respiratory failure. His serum inorganic phosphate was very low [0.35 mg/100 ml]. Intravenous potassium phosphate supplements returned serum phosphate levels to normal with reversal of the neurological manifistations. No hypophosphatemia was detected in the group of patients receiving fat emulsions