ABSTRACT
Introduction: Magnesium is an inorganic ion. There are several products containing magnesium and it has a number of therapeutic properties. Magnesium-sulfate is a very common product and its usefulness has been proven in field of anesthesiology. This study looks at the effect of prescribing intravenous magnesiumsulfate on acute pain following orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities in patients anesthetized with spinal anesthesia method
Method and Materials: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were selected and were randomly divided to 2 groups. Efforts were made to place both groups under the same method of anesthesia and other variable were kept constant to the best of our ability. One group received intravenous magnesium sulfate under a given protocol and the second group received the same volume of placebo intravenously. To present the results Mean [+/- SD] was used and the P value of less than 0.05 was accepted
Results: There was no difference between the 2 groups under basic variables. Pain reported by the first group who received magnesium sulfate was significantly less at the 1[st], 3[rd], 6[th], and 12[th] hours after the operation in comparison to the group who received placebo. At the 18[th] and 24[th] hour post operation, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups
Conclusion: Receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate following lower extremities orthopedic surgery significantly reduced pain in the first few hours after the surgery
ABSTRACT
Background: wastewater is one of the most important risks for human health and environment because of high content of chemicals and microorganisms. The importance of hygienic wastewater disposal in bounded locality such as garrison, which people are in close contact, is doubled. So, it is necessary to have survey on Units affiliated to Islamic Republic Army Force
Materials and methods: data from 199 major garrison were collected using questionnaire. These data were analyzed using SPSS software [ver 11.5]
Results: from the 199 garrison, highest and lowest numbers were belonging to Land force [67.34%] and Military Police Department [1.5%], respectively. 18.09 percent of I. R. A. Units were used adsorption well, and 10.06% septic tank, and only 8.04% had wastewater treatment plant. 24.12 percent of these units are connected to sewerage and 28.64% had no treatment on wastewater
Conclusions: with respect to results, it is obvious that in I. R. A. wastewater discharging to environment is the most common method for wastewater disposal, and although wastewater treatment is important from public health and other viewpoints, but in I. R. A. has low priority. With respect to results, it is obvious that most of I. R. A Units discharge wastewater with no treatment and cause to environmental pollution and spreading of pathogenic agents, which is apposite to with Department of Environmental Protection Regulations and should be under consideration in all future programs as one of the most important priorities