Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

This study evaluated the feasibility of a drowning intervention package in northern Islamic Republic of Iran. A quasi-experimental design used pre- and post-observations among residents and tourists in water-recreation beach areas of intervention and control regions by the Caspian Sea and in residents near the Caspian Sea coastline. The fatal drowning rate in the studied resident population in the provinces fell from 4.24 per 100 000 residents at baseline to 3.04 per 100 000 residents at endline. The risk of death from drowning in the intervention areas in the water-recreation area was greater during the pre-intervention [OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.66-2.01] than the implementation period [OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.37]. The risk of drowning can be reduced by implementing increased supervision and raising community awareness

[Unit analysis of health care centers in urban and rural area of Guilan]

Introduction: Cost analysis of different programs of health care centers is a very important tool for future managing and determining the real cost of health facilities and budget which needed

Objective: Determine the expenses of health care centers of Guilan province in 2002

Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, 20 urban and 19 rural health care centers were selected through random sampling. Costs were classified to capital costs [values of buildings, vehicles, unusable materials and equipments] and recurrent costs [costs of buildings' repairs, usable materials, drugs, vaccines, personnel's salaries]. A checklist was used for data collecting and analysis was done with SPSS version 11.5 software

Results: Mean total costs of urban health care centers, consisted of capital costs and recurrent costs were 514 million Rials with standard deviation of 242 million Rials. These costs were amount 262 +/- 79 million Rials in rural health care centers. The most common type of costs was personnel's salaries [60%] and then buildings' values [15%-20%]. Recurrent costs of urban and rural health care centers were 386 and 214 million Rials, respectively

Conclusion: Governmental budgets aren't enough for health care centers that might have a great impact on their qualities. Pay more attention to human resources managing and concession facilities to private sections could be helpful to control of these costs. Similar studies are recommended in other areas