ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Formaldehyde is an air contaminant which has wide applications in industry and medicine and its destructive effects have been reported on the body systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different doses of onion extract on biochemical parameters and histopathology of mice kidneys exposed to formaldehyde
Material and Methods: 48 adult male mice were randomly divided into six groups. The control group did not receive any injection. The second group received formaldehyde 10 mg/kg for 14 days and the 3[rd], 4[th] ,5[th] and 6[th] groups received 5,10,20 and 40 mg/kg/day of onion extract respectively in addition to intraperitoneal doses of formaldehyde
After 14 days, tissue preparation was done and using stereological technique, the sizes of the kidneys and glomeruli were measured. Also, serum urea and creatinine levels were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software
Results: We found significant decrease in the number of renal glomeruli in all of the groups that received onion and also decrease in the volume of glomeruli in the group which had received 10 mg onion/day, compared to those in the control group [P = 0.000]. There were significant increase in the level of urea in the groups which had received doses of 10 and 20 mg of onion and in the creatinine levels of the groups which had received daily doses of 5, 20 and 40 mg of onion compared to those in the control group [P = 0.000]
Formaldehyde caused renal damage and an increase in the levels of urea and creatinine as well as a decrease in the number and volume of the glomeruli of the kidneys
Conclusion: Administration of daily doses of 40 mg hydro-alcoholic extract of onion for two weeks caused protective effect on kidney tissue exposed to the formaldehyde
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine of the seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis to design a prevention and control program in Bojnoord district. This was a descriptive and cross sectional study with multistage random sampling method. The study was carried out on children up to 12 years old and 10% of adult's population in 8 rural areas of Bojnoord district in 2007. In total, 1608 blood samples were collected to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies. All the samples were tested by direct agglutination test [DAT]. In order to determine Leishmania species, necropsy was performed on four suspected dogs in the studied areas. The species of Leishmania was determined by RAPD-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods using to amplify the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS1]. Thirty and eight [2.36%] out of 1 608 collected blood samples had anti- Leishmania antibodies at titer 1:800 and nine [0.56%] were just positive at 1:3200 by DAT. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male seroprevalence [p>0/05]. The seoprevalence in children <=12 years old compared to individuals greater than 12 years old did not show any statistically significant [p>0/05]. Amastigotes were observed in all 4 necropsied dogs. The species of Leishmania isolated from 2 dogs, was determined as L.Infantum. Their ITS1 sequences were registered with Accession numbers EU810776 and EU810777 in NCBI. These findings showed that visceral leishmaniasis has been circulated with low endemicity in Bojnoord district. Therefore an appropriate monitoring system is needed for health services in this area