Evaluation of new anti-neoplastic active ingredient in vitro

Drug development programs for identification of new anti-neoplastic agents involve extensive preclinical evaluation of vast numbers of chemicals for detection of anti-neoplastic activity. Cell culture systems have figured largely in the field of cancer chemotherapy, where the potential value of such systems for cytotoxicity and viability testing is now widely accepted. The aim of this study is to evaluate cytotoxicity and viability testing of new anti-neoplastic active ingredient compared to Methotrexate and Adriamycin anti-neoplastic active ingredients which are commonly used for cancer chemotherapy on HEPG[2], HEP[2] and VERO cell lines. Cytotoxicity, LD50, therapeutic dose, drug exposure, recovery period and stability bioassay are determined. Cytotoxicity bioassay of tested active ingredient on HEPG[2] cells showed punching of all monolayer cells with few regenerative cells after 48 hr and no regenerative cells after 72 hr while Methotrexate and Adriamycin showed 75% cytopathic effect on monolayer cells after 24 hr then cells begins to regenerate with few rate after 48-72 hr. Cytotoxicity bioassay of tested active ingredient on HEP[2] cells showed 25% cytopathic effect on monolayer cells then regenerated to reach complete monolayer after 72 hr compared to Methotrexate50% and Adriamycin 75% cytopathic effect on monolayer cells then reached to 75% of monolayer after 72 hr. Cytotoxicity of tested active ingredient onVero cells showed retraction of monolayer cells then retains its original pattern after 24 hr of exposure while Methotrexate and Adriamycin showed destruction of more 50% of monolayer cell population then reached to 75% of monolayer after 72 hr. In conclusion; cytopathological studies showed that the tested active ingredient has low cytotoxicity, more stable and more telorated compared to controls

role of the subperiosteal hematoma in the management outcome of traumatic fractures of the nasal bone

The aim of this study is to show the importance of addressing the associated sub-periosteal hematoma in the management of acute nasal bone fractures whether or not associated with bone deformity. The goal in management is to perform a proper reduction early and right from the first time, and to prevent a residual SPH from organisation and resulting in nasal bone deformity. This is hoped to improve the results of management of acute nasal traumatic deformities avoid the need for a revision septo-rhinoplasty. A prospective study was none on a group of patients from the Hearing and Speech Institute where upon a technique was adopted to evacuate associated SPH with bone reduction of the fracture displacements. A control group of similsr cases was studies retrospectively from the patient records and the results were compared to the former group

Epidemiological study of nosocomial infection of neonates admitted to Benha university neonatal intensive care unite

This cross-sectional short term study was carried-out in the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] at Benha University hospital. It aims at studying the epidemiological features of nosocomial infection in NICU. The target of this study is one hundred neonates admitted to the NICU along a period of about one year. They were chosen by the systematic method of random sampling. Mothers of the subjects of the study are subjected to a structured questionnaire far detailed history, thorough physical examination as well as investigations to assess the presence of nosocomial infection and to determine the causative pathogen. In a trial to trace the possible source of nosocomial infection, swabs - from different sites - were taken from the injected neonates, nursing staff, used instruments, as well as the surrounding environment. The results of the study revealed that, the rate of occurrence of nosocomial infection is estimated to be 54%. The use of invasive techniques, prematurity as well as low birth weight are considered risk factors for occurrence of neonatal sepsis in a percentage of 96.21%, 77.77% and 88.86% respectively. Home deliveries as well as normal vaginal deliveries showed higher frequency of statistical significance far the occurrence of nosocomial infection. About 1/4 of neonates diagnosed as having nosocomial infection, died. The microorganism profile of those diagnosed as nosocomial infection showed that the most prevalent organism is coagulase +ve staphylococcus [55.5%], followed by Klebsilla 37%, serratia and enterobacter in a percentage of 7.4% for each, streptococci and candida [3.7% for each]. The results of swabs taken from the neonates, the nursing staff as well as the surrounding organisms showed the same organisms. So, prevention of nosocomial infection is the responsibility of health care team personnel through the application of effective hospital infection surveillance and control system especially in NICUs

Pancreatic tumor resectability: spiral CT, surgical and pathological assessment

Resectability of pancreatic tumors can be difficult to assess. The initial investigations [abdominal ultrasonography and; conventional C.T.scans] may fail to assess the resectability of pancreatic tumors in up to 30% of cases. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of spiral computed tomography [C.T.] in assessing the resectability of small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and; to correlate the C.T findings with histopathologic and surgical findings. Spiral C.T. scans were obtained in fifteen patients who underwent surgery for potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. C.T. findings were correlated with surgically assessed extent of tumor and pathological findings. Twelve patients had resection of the tumor with pancreaticoduodenectomy operation Three patients proved during operation inoperable due to the presence of small [< 1 cm] hepatic metastatic deposits [2 patients] and peritoneal and omental seedling in one patient. We concluded that thin-section helical CT is a useful application in the diagnostic imaging of pancreatic tumor and in determining tumor resectability

Endosonographic criteria for perianal fistula

The aim of this work is to define the endosonographic criteria of fistula in ano as a trial to avoid recurrent perianal fistula. 42 patients underwent endosonography preoperatively in an outpatient setting. Analysis of endosonographic findings revealed the presence of positive results in 38 cases for positive location of an internal opening. The following endosonographic criteria were demonstrated: [1] root like budding formed by the intersphincteric tract that contracts the internal sphincter [3 cases], the appearance of root like budding with internal sphincter defect [6 cases] and subepithelial breach connecting to intersphincteric tract through an internal sphincteric defect [29 cases]. False negative results were recorded in four cases. It is concluded from these findings that endosonography is of particular importance in locating the internal opening of the perianal fistula and hence helping in the prevention of recurrence

Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol on somatic and germ cells of mice

The study was conducted on both somatic and germ cells in addition to the sperm morphology analysis. Diacetoxyscirpenol [DAS] treatment resulted in a highly significant reduction [P <0.01] in mitotic activity at all the doses tested, confirming that DAS is a potent protein and DNA synthesis inhibitor. In the somatic cells [bone marrow], the observed chromosome abnormalities were chromatic gaps, breaks, centromeric attenuation and endomitosis. At single dose experiment, significant abnormalities were observed only after high dose treatment, they mainly consisted of chromatoid gaps, centromeric attenuation and endomitosis [4.2 + 1.3, 4.2 +/- 2.4, respectively] and aneuploids were also observed [5.8 +/- 1.6]. In contrast, at the repeated dose experiment similar abnormalities were also observed with some significance, but no systematic relation could be settled. The present results confirmed a positive correlation between cytogenetic damage and sperm abnormality. The results also proved that DAS is a very toxic mycotoxin. The most important severity of it, in addition to including chromosomal abnormalities, is its inhibition of DNA synthesis and subsequently affecting the cell cycle and division

study of antithrombin III level in healthy and septic neonates

Antihtrombin III level was studied in 48 neonates admitted to the neonatal care unit of Benha University hospital. They were classitied into 4 groups: Group I : 9 full term healthy neonates. Group II 9 full term septic neonates. Group III : 10 preterm healthy neonates, Group IV : 10 preterm septic neonates. Our study revealed that antithrombin III [AT III] level was significantly reduced in septic full term neonates compared to healthy full term neonates. Mean level was [45.2 +/- 7.57] and [50.6 +/- 7.6] in septic full term and healthy full term respectively with [P<0.01]. It was also significantly reduced in septic preterm neonates compared to healthy preterm neonates. Mean level was [21.6 +/- 4.19] and [39.7 +/- 4.41] with [P<0.001] in septic preterm and healthy pattern respectively. Finally antithrorithin III level is significantly reduced in preterm whether healthy or septic compared to full term neonates whether healthy or septic. Thus we conclude that neonates especially if they are preterm and septic will have marked reduction in antithrombin III level this creates a state of hypercoagulability with great risk of thrombotic complication varying from superficial vein thrombosis, to cerebral thrombosis or in its severe form to disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC]

Adhesive small bowel obstruction: early dicision making

A 2-year study of 38 patients presenting with adhesive small bowel obstruction is carried out. They were 20 males and 18 females, their ages ranged between 20 and 56 years[mean 34.5]. The onset of symptoms was from 2 weeks to 11 years after the last celiotomy [mean 1 4/12 year]. The main presentation was abdominal pain [78.9%], abdominal distension [78.9%], Nausea/Vomiting [76.3%] and tachycardia [84.2%]. Full clinical assessment, laboratory studies and plain abdominal roentogram were done for all patients. Gastrograffin follow through series is done for 37 patients. Thirty patients [78.9%] have free passage of gastrograffin through whole gut, have their attacks subsided within 1-2 days by non-operative treatment and all were discharged in 2-4 days. One patient had emergency laboratory on basis of clinical data and plain abdominal roetogram suggestive of intestinal strangulation. Seven patients explored on basis of follow through study conclusive of complete obstruction. Their hospital stay ranged from 4-8 days. No mortality was detected in the series. We conclude that gastrograffin follow through series early in adhesive small bowel obstruction help in early decision making and may have some therapeutic role in partial small bowel obstruction. Also, early surgical intervention, when indicated, reduces mortality and morbidity

Protective role of royle jelly on genotoxicity induced by indomethacin in rats

The aim of this study was to shed some light on the protective role of Royal Jelly on genotoxic potentialities of indomethacin in pregnant females, fetuses, bone marrow of mothers and spermatogonia in male laboratory rats. Normal adult female and male rats were used to investigate the teratogenic and other possible toxic effects of indomethacin on mothers and their fetuses. Females [7 to 12-day pregnant] have been treated with various doses of the drug. The prenatal doses of administered drug were 2.5 - 5 and 5.7 mg/kg body weight. It was observed that all treatments significantly increased fetal mortality rates and decreased the mean number of living fetuses. All doses used also significantly decreased the living fetal body weight and abortion rate. The chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of mothers were presented as gaps, breaks, end to end association, centromeric attenuations. The only numerical aberration recorded was polyploidy. The samples of sperm were taken at 35th day after treatment with consecutive injection of the 3 doses for studying sperm morphology. The effect of indomethacin on sperm count, viability and testes weight was found to be significant. In male rats morphological abnormalities of sperm were big head, bananas head with broken and divided tail

Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges induced by cyclophosphamide

Experiments were performed in order to gain informations about the ability of cyclophosphamide [CPA] to induce chromosomal aberrations in the rabbit bone marrow cells and sister chromatjd exchanges in lymphocyte blood cultures. Rabbits were treated with two different doses of CPA for in vivo and in -vitro experiments. The mitotic index was highly decreased with increasing CPA dose compared with control. Structural chromosomal aberrations which were observed in the present study consisted mainly of chromatid deletions, fragments, gaps; and stickiness. CPA proved to possess a powerfull genotoxic effect through its induction to sister Chromatid exchanges [SCEs] in cultured lymphocyte cells. Both structural chromosomal aberrations and SCEs were significantly increased in treated rabbits compared to the control one

Cytogenetic studies of chemoprophylactic agents on postimplantion mice embryo in presence of nitrosamine: effect of soybean

Nitrates, nitrites and dimethylamine are a components reacts in the gastro-intenstinal tract synthesing the powerful hepatoxic and carcinogenic dimethylnitrosmamine. This study aimed to evaluate the cancer protector named soybean. This evaluation had been tested in laboratory mice in the presence of nitrosamine as a cancer induced. For pursing the evaluation, four groups of mothers and their embryos were used. The first group was the control group, the second group was a mothers treated with Dibutylamine plus nitrite [DBA + NO3], the third group was a mothers fed with a diet containing a 30% soybean, while the fourth group was mothers fed with SB and DBA + NO3. Generally the results showed a decrease in the percentage of gestation in all the treated animals in comparison with the control group, while there was no significant difference [P>0.05] in the mean numbers of impanation sites and living fetuses in all the treated animals. Moreover the cytogenetical analysis revealed that soybean produced a non significant ratio of chromosome abnormalities when tested using the Chi-square method