Sexual dimorphism and diagnosis of adult egyptian skulls using lateral cephalometric radiographs

Lateral cephalometric radiography was employed in this study to differentiate sex of skulls of 75 adult Egyptian individuals [34 males and 41 females]. The cephalometric analysis used comprised 18 variables; 8 angular, 9 linear and one proportional variable. Using univariate analysis, there was statistically significant difference between male and female mean values for each variable. Male angular mean values were significantly smaller than female values, while for linear variables, female values were significantly smaller than male ones. Moreover there was a significant difference between glabellar projection index [GPI] in male and female subjects, being higher in males. Multivariate regression analysis was applied for the three variables which showed the highest differences in the univariate analysis. These variables were; the angular variable [lOc-NBa], the linear variable [G to SgN], and the proportional variable [GPI]. These variables were found to discriminate the sex of a given subject when used in combination with lOc-NBa being the most dominant variable that did not change in variance greatly by entering the other two variables. Testing sex diagnosis accuracy of these variables when combined revealed that, male successful diagnosis was 99%, and female diagnosis was 97% with an average accuracy for sex diagnosis of 98%

Effect of lead toxicity on ultrastructure of cerebral cortex of adult rat

Lead is a major air polluant in large cities including Cairo. This study was designed to evaluate the lead induced toxic effects on the cerebral cortex of adult rats. Fifteen normal adult rats were used. They were divided into 2 groups: 5 rats as a control group and the other 10 rats were subdivided into 2 subgroups. Subgroup A [5 rats] were given lead as 400 ug/g body weight / day by gastric intubation [as high dose] for 2 months. Subgroup B [5 rats] were given lead as 100 microg/g body weight /day [as low dose] for 2 months. In the rats treated with low dose of lead, gliosis was seen as an apparent degenerative feature. Also, infiltration with inflammatory cells was evident. However, in the rats treated with high dose the degenerative changes were more evident. The neurons were distended and few. Nuclear and cytoplasmic lead inclusions were detected. Other features included; indented nuclear membranes, dilated endoplasmic reticulum as well as gliosis

Anatomical observations on the origin of the long head of biceps brachii and its relation to the glenoid cavity of the scapula in Egyptians

In this study 372 dry adult Egyptian scapulae were examined for distribution of facets around the margins of the glenoid cavity and to correlate between them and the origin of the long head of biceps brachii muscle. 78% of scapulae showed absence of facets on the margins of glenoid cavity; 15% had facets on the posterosuperior margin; 3% on the anterosuperior margin; 2% on both posterosuperior and anterosuperior margins and 2% had a small triangular facet on the apex of the glenoid cavity. The supraglenoid tubercle was prominent in 98% of the cases and it was located on the posterior aspect of the glenoid cavity by about 1-5 mm from its apex. The tubercle gave origin to the long head of biceps in 79% of the cases. The dissected shoulder joints revealed that the glenoid cavity was surrounded by a complete layer of labrum and the slips from the tendon were attached to it, giving more stability to the shoulder joint

Platelet indices in normal pregnancy

The purpose of this longitudinal, prospective study was to define platelet indices during normal pregnancy and to compare them to normal non-pregnant values. Indices evaluated included platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in 20 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy. There was a significant decrease in platelet count during the second and third trimester pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant values [P < 0.01 for both]. The mean platelet volume was significantly increased during the second trimester [P < 0.05] and platelet distribution width was significantly increased during the third trimester [P < 0.001]. These findings indicate that platelet consumption starts during the second trimester pregnancy and is followed by compensatory thrombocytopoiesis during third trimester pregnancy