[ effect of eight weeks concurrent training and supplementation of l_arginine on plasma level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-ohdg], malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity in elderly men [multivariate longitudinal modeling]]

Introduction: aging is a biological process that is associated with accumulation of oxidative damage to the DNA molecule. Considering that physical activities and nutritional supplements play an effective role in reducing the effects of aging, this study investigated the effects of eight weeks concurrent training and supplementation of L-arginine on stress oxidative biomarkers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], Malondialdehyde [MDA] and Total antioxidant capacity [TAC] in elderly men

Materials and Methods: forty-four elderly men [mean age: 67.77 +/- 4.61 years], were selected and randomly divided into four groups [n=11 each]: Concurrent Training+Supplement group [ES]; Concurrent Training+Placebo group [EP]; Supplement group and the Control group. The Concurrent Training+Supplement and Concurrent Training+Placebo groups performed the exercise protocol of eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Every morning, one hour before exercise training, the concurrent Training+Supplement and the supplement groups consumed 1000 mg of L-Arginine. ELISA methods were used for measurement of biochemical variables and for analysis of data we used the multivariate longitudinal model

Results: there were significant between-group differences in changes of 8-OHdG, MDA and TAC [P<0.001]. OHdG and MDA in all three groups of ES [35.38% and 61.8%], EP [22.59%, 55.55%] and supplement group [14.94%, 95.3%] had a significant decrease [P<0.001]. Also TAC increased significantly in the ES-[135.56%] EP-[76.21%] and the supplement group [21.27%] [P<0.001]. Joint effect of training and supplementation was greater than their individual effects on 8-OhdG [[beta]=-5.16, P<0.001], TAC [[beta]=-2.30, P<0.001], and MDA [[beta]=3.50, P<0.001]. Also exercise per se had a significantly greater effect on responses than just supplementation

Conclusion: findings of this study, it demonstrate that supplementation of L-arginine and combined aerobic and strength training can be used as to lower oxidative stress indices and improve antioxidant systems in the elderly

[ effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats]

Backgrounds and Aim: Aerobic exercise has proven benefits in treating and reducing the incidence of complications of chronic diseases such as diabetes. In this study we evaluated the effect of aerobic training on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats

Materials and Methods: 30 rats were randomly divided into healthy control,diabetic control, exercise diabetic groups. 2[nd] and 3[rd] groups were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [37mg/kg], two weeks after receiving high-fat diet. Groups of aerobic exercise performed treadmill exercise 5 times/ week for 8 weeks with duration and intensity of 55min /d and 26m/min respectively in the final weeks. 24 hours after the last exercise blood samples and hippocampus tissue samples were obtained and concentrations of serotonin [micro g/g] and tryptophan hydroxylase were measured by Elisa and western blotting methods respectively. We used ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test for data analysis

Results: Statistical analysis showed that the diabetic group had significantly lower serotonin levels compared to the healthy control group [P=0.001] and exercise diabetic group [P=0.01].The mean tryptophan hydroxylase level of the diabetic groups were significantly lower than that of the healthy control group [P=0.001]. The amount of tryptophan hydroxylase was significantly higher in the exercise diabetic group compared to that in the diabetic control group [P=0.001]

Conclusion: In this study, diabetes led to reduction of serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels in the hippocampus. Also eight weeks of aerobic exercise increased tryptophan hydroxylase level in the hippocampus of the diabetic rats

[ effects of dietary inclusion faba bean [Vicia faba] on the serum lipid levels and liver function in farmed juvenile beluga [Huso huso]]

Background: Faba bean [Vicia faba] is a rich source of protein and carbohydrates that is used as a vegetable ingredient in diet of livestock, poultry and fish, in many countries

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effects of different levels of faba bean on the serum lipid levels and liver function of farmed beluga sturgeon [Huso huso]

Methods: 144 juvenile beluga [82.38 +/- 0.83 g] were located into 18 oval tanks [300 L] and triplicate groups were fed by experimental diets inclusion 6 levels of faba bean [0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%] for 50 days. At the end of the trial, blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of 54 beluga juveniles and some of biochemical parameters [cholesterol and triglycerides] and liver enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase [ALP], Aspartate Aminotransferase [AST], Alanine Aminotransferase [ALT] and Lactate Dehydrogenase [LDH] were investigated. Then nine fish per treatment were sampled to measure Hepatosomatic index [HSI] and liver composition per each treatment

Results: The results showed that by increasing the levels of faba bean in diets ALP, AST and LDH contents were significantly decreased compared to the control treatment [p<0.05]. However, the lowest level of ALT[0.76 +/- 0.2 U/l] was measured in fish fed with 10% faba bean meal [p<0.05]. The moisture and fat contents of liver showed significant difference by increasing the levels of faba bean in diet [p<0.05]. No significant differences were shown in cholesterol, triglyceride, HSI, liver protein and liver ash contents [p>0.05]. Highly significant positive correlation were observed between total protein, cholesterol, AST, LDH, ALP and liver fat [p<0.01]

Conclusions: Use of lower levels of faba bean [up to 25%] had no significant effect on serum lipids and no adverse effect on liver function of juvenile beluga

Effect of dietary chitosan on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio

Occurrence of resistance against antibiotics and inadequate efficacy of some vaccines necessitates studies of natural immunostimulators in aquaculture. Shrimps shell derived from Chitosan can be used as immune stimulators in fish. In this study, the effects of oral administration of chitosan, derived from shrimp shell, on some immune responses and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio were studied. Three hundred healthy fish weighing 42.4+8.1 g were divided into 4 equal groups: the first group [G10] was fed with food supplemented with 10 mg kg-1 chitosan, the second [G5] and third groups [G2.5] were fed with food supplemented with 5 mg kg-1 and 2.5 mg kg-1, respectively. The control group was fed with basal feed [without chitosan]. All groups were treated for 60 days. Blood samples were taken on 0, 20, 40, and 60 days post- experiment; In addition, some immunological indices, including serum lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium [NBT] reduction activity, serum proteins, white blood cell count [WBC], and differentiated count were measured. At the end of the treatment, fish were challenged with live Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality rate was recorded for 14 days. Oral administration of chitosan [0.5 and 1%] significantly enhanced NBT reduction activity and resistance to A. hydrophila infection [p=0.012]. Serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity, serum total protein and globulin, WBC and leukocytes ratio showed no significant change among the groups [p>0.05]. This study indicates that oral administration of shrimp shell chitosan may have a positive effect on some immune parameters and resistance against bacterial infection in Cyprinus carpio

Human papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell cancer

Epidemiologic and molecular evidences have established a strong link between high risk types of Human Papilloma Virus and a subgroup of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas [HNSCC]. We evaluated the frequency of HPV positivity in HNSCC and its relationship to demographic and some risk factor variables in an open casecontrol study. Fourteen recently diagnosed patients with squamous cell cancer of oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx aged 18-50 years were examined from 2008-2010 in Tabriz, Iran. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded blocks of each patient's sample for PCR evaluation. Saliva samples of 94 control cancer-free subjects were collected for DNA analysis. Multivariable logistic regression method was used to calculate odds ratio for case-control comparisons. High risk HPV was detected in 6[42.8%] patients, and 6[5.3%] control subjects which was statistically significant [p<0.0001]. HPV-18 was the most frequent type both in the cases and controls. HPV-16 DNA was detected in two patients of the case group, but it was not detected in any of the controls. The relation between demographic and risk factor variables was not statistically significant. HPV infection has a significant impact on HNSCC. Despite HPV-16 stronger impact, HPV-18 is more likely to cause malignant degeneration in such cancers amongst some communities. It is vital to introduce and conduct immunization schedules in health care systems to protect communities to some extent

Internal evaluation of Social Medicine Department of Rafsanjan Medical School

Situation assessment during the implementation process will create favorable feedback that makes clear to what extent the implemented program has been successful in achieving the predetermined goals. Therefore, the internal evaluation of Social Medicine Department of Rafsanjan School of Medicine was aimed at understanding the strengths and weaknesses points in order to improve weaknesses and reinforce strengths. In this descriptive study, different parameters were evaluated including; relevant criteria for the head and middle manager of the group, technical facilities and equipments, library facilities and services, analysis of students' comments regarding educational curriculum i.e. theory, apprenticeship and internship cpourses, faculty members' structure and their curriculum vita [CV] and finally, the group colleagues' comments about the faculty members' teaching quality. Markers associated with each criterion were determined in a checklist form and compared using the Gorman table. Evaluation results showed that the mean scores for the aforementioned parameters were 4.89, 4.46, 5, 2.77, 4.79, 4.56, 4.15, 2.53 and 2.30 respectively. The overall rank for internal evaluation of the group, 3.83, was considered good based on the Gorman ranking criterion. According to the results, the group rank was strong and very strong for most of the parameters. However, the group rank was satisfactory and borderline for the parameters of library facilities and services and students' comments regarding educational curriculum in apprenticeship and internship cpourses. The findings of this study put a higher responsibility on the Social Medicine Department to have a complete revision of the educational curriculum in apprenticeship and internship courses for medical students and to seek to eliminate weaknesses and enhance strengths points and take the appropriate action to equip and support the library

Newly detected hypertension in an Iranian population: an epidemiological study

Background: Early detection of undiagnosed hypertension may prevent or reduce the onset and progression of many diseases.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in an Iranian population and its relation with socio-demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical factors.Methods: Four thousand five hundred nineteen subjects, aged 15-65 years, were eligible for the study. They were entered into the study through the cluster sampling method.Results: The overall prevalence of previously unknown hypertension was 24.2%. It was higher among urban dwellers who were poorly educated, married, and were manual laborers by occupation compared to other groups.Conclusion: Poor literacy status as well socioeconomic conditions may be positively associated with hypertension. Undiagnosed hypertension can be lowered by increasing access to routine blood pressure measurement, pre-employment medical examination, and improvement of the health seeking behavior in these groups.

Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Sanguisorba minor Scop. leaves, from Iran

The family Rosaceae, include some large genus, eg; the genus Rose includes 200 species and 18000 cultivars. Aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the hydrodistilled oil of the leaves of Sanguisorba minor scop, of Iranian origin for the first time. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of Sanguisorba minor was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents appeared to be [E, E] farnesyl acetate [13.4%], nonadecane [11.2%] and docosane [11.0%]. In Sanguisorba minor we identified 17 components representing 93.2%. It's rich in regard to aliphatic hydrocarbons [40.6%], five sesquiterpenes [36.8%], one oxygenated monoterpene [7.3%] and one aliphatic aldehyde [8.3%]

[Photosensitivity and radiosensitivity of indocyanine green on human cell lines MCF7 and DFW]

In this study with the aim of benefiting from non-laser sources in photodynamic therapy, photo and radio sensitivity of indocyanine green as a sensitizer in photodynamic and radiation therapies were investigated. Based on the broad absorption peak of indocyanine green and using non-coherent light, the experiments were performed on human cells derived from breast cancer and melanoma. To investigate chemical, optical and radiational cytotoxicity and also photosensitivity and radiosensitivity of indocyanine green, different dozes of this material were examined. After 24 h of incubation of cells with indocyanine green, independent treatment groups were exposed to 730 +/- 20 nm light with power densities of 30, 60, and 108 J/cm[2] and 100 kVp x-ray [2 and 4 Gy]. The effect of therapy on cells was determined by MTT test. Indocyanine green showed no significant cytotoxicity. It had a good efficiency for photodynamic therapy using non-coherent sources in the wavelength of 730 +/- 20 nm, and the efficiency of treatment was dependent on the dosage of light. No significant relation between indocyanine green and radiation was observed. According to the findings, indocyanine green can be used as a photosensitizer in the range of 730 +/- 20 nm. Since there was no significant difference between groups which received both radiation and drug and those which received only radiation, indocyanine green cannot be considered as a radiosensitizer

essential oils of Tanacetum pinnatum boiss. a composite herbs growing wild in Iran

The genus Tanacetum [Compositae] is represented by 26 species in the flora of Iran, 12 of them are endemic. One report on the analysis of essential oil of Tanacetum polycephalum Boiss. species has been published. Aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the hydrodistilled oil of Tanacetum pinnatum Boiss. of Iranian origin for the first time. The essential oil of T. pinnatum obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents appeared to be camphor [23.2%], alpha-pinene [8.5%] and camphene [7.7%]. In T. pinnatum we identified 25 components representing 98.7%. It was rich in regard to monoterpene hydrocarbons [78.9%]. The sesquiterpene fraction was relatively small, representing 19.8%

Biosorption of nickel [II] from aqueous solutions by marine red alga gracilaria corticat

The kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals, especially, can be removed from water and waste water by biological materials via biosorption.These heavy metals can be also recovered by adsorbents. The mentioned methods have more importance due to the advantages such as cheapness. In this study marine red alga Gerasilaria sp. was used as an aquatic fern to remove Ni2+in the flow operation. A glass column with an internal diameter of 2 Cm and 35 Cm in length were investigated as a packed column. The adsorption process with influencing factors such as initial concentrations, pH, retention time [15, 30 and 45 min], and adsorbent dosage [2.5 and 3.5 g] in temperature home were considered. Synthetic solution of Ni [II] in distilled water was prepared using NiCl[2].6H[2]O [97%] with initial concentrations 25, 40, 70 mg/L. The maximum uptake at pH=5 were obtained 83.01%, 80.69% and78.23% respectively. An atomic absorption spectrometer [GBC-932] was used for analyses of the artificial waste after exposure to alga. It was shown that the non-living Gerasilaria sp. adsorb according to Langmuier physical low and the kinetic studies was appeared that all of the used non-living alga samples adsorbed according to a second order model of kinetic

[Exposure to high level of noise and hearing loss; a cohort study]

Regarding the high prevalence of hearing loss among workers with long-term exposure to high level of noise, the importance of recognizing hearing loss etiology and assessing the effect of occupational health efforts to reduce the effect of noise pollution on hearing of workers, the present study is designed in the two groups of workplaces with and without high levels of noise in Rafsanjan [2006]. In this historical cohort study, 120 workers were randomly selected in two groups; 1- sixty workers who had exposure to high level of noise [mean level of noise > 85 dB] and 2- sixty workers who did not have this exposure. Age, gender, experience and the daily working time among workers in the two groups were similar. Pure Tone Audiometry method was used for measuring hearing situation and the threshold considered for hearing loss was 20 dB. The proportions of workers with hearing loss in the two groups were compared using Chi-Square test, relative risk [RR] was calculated and 95% confidence interval for the target population was estimated. Mean level of noise in the workplaces with and without high level of noise were 108.3 +/- 6.0 and 68 +/- 4.0 dB, respectively [P<0.0001]. There were 12% and 73% [P<0.0005] of respondents in exposed and none exposed groups who were suffering from hearing loss in their right ear giving a relative risk of 4. These proportions for hearing loss in left ear were 15% and 60% [p<0.0001], respectively, giving a relative risk of 6.3. Workplaces with high level of noise which may cause hearing loss for workers still exist in the area of the study. More investigations are needed to explore the barriers and more occupational health efforts must be made to reduce the negative consequences

[Comparing the therapeutic outcomes of arthroscopic and open synovectomy]

Deeming the very fact that synovectomy is still being performed due to various diseases of the knee joint and having no published document comparing the outcome of arthroscopic synovectomy with open synovectomy, this study was conducted at Akhtar hospital. The design was historical cohort study. All patients who underwent synovectomy of the knee joint during 1997 to 2004 and were followed up for at least two years were enrolled. Arthroscopic synovectomy were the case group and the open synovectomy were the control one. The groups were matched through their age, sex, duration of disease and follow up. Mismatched cases were excluded. The outcome of treatment was evaluated by subjective feelings, range of motion, recurrence, postoperative pain and the days of admission. Recurrence rate were more common in arthroscopic group [P<0.008]. Limitation in range of motion of the knee joint were 5 times more in open group [P<0.000]. Fisher's test showed that subjective feelings were equal in both groups [P<0.5]. Duration of in-hospital course were 9.8 days in open group and 6 days in arthroscopic group. Opioid analgesics were utilized less in the arthroscopic group [P<0.007]. This study showed that limitation of range of motion, duration of hospitalization and the use of opioid analgesics were more in open group, compared to arthroscopic group. In contrast, the arthroscopic group had more recurrence. Subjective feelings were same in both groups

[Evaluation of the stress effect on expression of BEST-5 gene in cultured rat hepatocytes and cloning of this gene]

Liver has important roles in body metabolic regulation and for this reason hepatocytes are used worldwide. Investigations showed that isolation of hepatocytes causes activation of stress related genes. The aim of this study was to study the stress related expression of BEST-5 following hepatocytes isolation and culture. The BEST-5 gene is cloned and analyzed for the first time from isolated and cultured rat hepatocytes. Very little is known about this gene and almost nothing is known about its function. RNA was isolated from hepatocytes after 3h culture and used for generation of PCR products corresponding to the BEST-5. cDNA generated was cloned into pCR[R]2.1 plasmid vector. Following transformation into TOPO10 oneshot [R]cells, the cells were grown in LB agar plates containing X-Gal and ampicillin, overnight at 37[oC]. To confirm that the plasmids contained inserts of the correct size, the vectors obtained from mini-preparations were digested with the desired restriction enzymes. Sequencing was performed for the gene. RT-PCR and Northern blotting analysis showed that BEST-5 mRNA is expressed, 3h after isolation and culture of primary hepatocytes [3h] BEST-5 mRNA was observed until 5h of culture and then there was no detectable band of BEST-5 at further time points. Comparison of expression of the level of mRNA of BEST-5, when data statistically were analyzed, showed a significant difference between the expression of BEST-5 mRNA expression at 3h with 0h, 24h, 35h and 48h of culture [P<0.001]. According to the results the stress induced by hepatocytes isolation and culture leads to the expression of Best-5 time-dependently

correlation between medical students' scores in their physiopathology and clinical courses in Kerman University of medical sciences

The relation of comprehensive exams scores and other measures of students' performance has been of great importance. This study is an attempt to assess the associations between medical students' scores in physiopathology and clinical courses and to compare these scores with their scores in the comprehensive exams. Medical students' scores in their courses and also in their comprehensive exam in six consecutive years were collected. Using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression, we assessed the associations between students' scores and their personal characteristics, and the consistency between theoretical and practical courses. In addition, we computed difficulty and discrimination indices of students' scores in their courses by comparing these scores with comprehensive clinical exam [CPE]. A total of 481 students 'score were included. Females and younger students score higher CPE were predicted by students' scores and their characteristics rather accurately with the adjusted R[2] of 0.59. Students' scores in pathology and in thesis had the highest and lowest discrimination indices, while the difficulties of these two courses were in reverse order. The strongest association was observed between theoretical and practical scores in internal medicine while the associations between theoretical and practical scores in the other courses were not strong although all of them were statistically significant. Using this approach to explore the students' score, might highlight the weak points of current educational system. For example we found that the students' score in thesis had the lowest association; although students obtained very high score in this course. Using our method with scores of students in other medical schools may provide better understanding of medical students performance' relation with countrywide comprehensive exam

Internal consistency of medical students' scores in general and baisc science exams, Kerman University, Iran

Course-based assessment is a method to gather, analyze, disseminate, and use course data to improve student learning. We assessed the associations between medical students' scores in basic sciences and general courses in a university in Iran and compared these scores with their scores in comprehensive exam. We collected the scores of medical students in their courses and also in their comprehensive exam in Kerman University in eight consecutive years [1995-2002]. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis and discrimination index, the internal consistency of students 'scores was assessed. Generally, females were more successful. In addition, age had a strong negative correlation with academic achievement. The temporal variations in students' achievements were more or less constant. Students' scores in anatomy, biochemistry, histology, immunology, medical English, microbiology and physiology had the greatest discrimination indices and also stronger intra-cluster correlations. It seems that a cluster analysis and the discrimination index are powerful approaches to be used in a course-based assessment and to check the validity of students 'scores

Recorded occupational accidents among people referring to labour and social affairs office in kerman, 1997-2002

Injuries due to accidents are known as one of the most important causes of disability and death in human populations. This study aims to determine factors related to occupational accidents to reduce the risk of disability and mortality among people working in Kerman. Our population comprised all cases who had been registered as having an occupational accident during 1997 to 2002 based on information obtained from the central office of labour and social affairs in Kerman. Information about age, gender, marital status, experience, the cause of accidents, type of job, sites of injury, and the long-term outcomes of accidents were collected from patients' records, injured people and their relatives using a check list. There were 164 cases reported from the center. Mean age was 32.6 +/- 9.6. More than one third of the injured were reported with an age between 20 to 29 years [min=l1,max =57]. Males constituted a big majority [98.8%] and the largest proportion of cases were those who had an experience of less than 5 years in their job [46.8%]. In 68% of cases, the accident was due to carelessness or inadequate usage of protective equipment. 43.3% of cases were employed in building activities and the least proportion of injured people were working in farms [2.4%]. About 21% of cases [n=35] died due to the accidents. Among the surviuors, hands and legs were the most common sites of injury [75.2%]. Occupational health education programs specially for younger employees who have lower experience in their job is strongly recommended. These programs should persuade them in using protective equipment

[Occupational accidents in construction industry among people reffering to Lobor and social affairs office Rafsanjan, During 2000-2002]

Injuries due to accidents have been known as one of the most important cause of disability and death in human communities. Of these, accidents in construction industry are in particular important. This study is conducted to determine factors related to occopational accidents of construction industry and to recognise the outcomes of these accidents in Rafsanjan . Our population comprised all cases who were working in construction industry and were registered as having an occupational accident during 2000 to 2002 based on vecovds obtained from the central office of labor and social affairs in Rafsanjan. Information about age, gender, the latest educational qualification, marital status, type of activity, experience, cause of accidents, sites of injury, and the outcome of accident were collected. Parametric tests [z-test, t-test, correlation test] and non-parametric tests [Chi-Square, Fisher Exact] were used to compare groups. Mean age was 35.8+/-11.1 years [n=70, min=11 yrs, max=55 yrs]. A vast were male [98.6%, n=69] and 83% [n=58] were married. In 36% [n=25] and %30 [n=21] of cases, the accident was due to carelessness and inadequate usage of protective equipment, respectively. The biggest proportion of cases [23%, n=16] were employed in welding activities and the least proportion of injured people were electric workers [7.9%, n=5]. A big proportion [45%, n=31] of cases had an experience of less than 5 years. About 18% [n=12] of cases were died due to accidents and 30% [n=21] of cases had a long-term outcome of disability for the rest of their lives. It can is concluded that occupational health education programs specially for younger employees with a short work experience are strongly suggested. Protective equipment should be available and workers should be persuaded to use these equipment

[ prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in narcotic addicted persons referred to the out patient clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2003]

Narcotic addiction as a serious health problem in communities has economical and social effects as well as health and hygienic complications. Viral infection such as B and C hepatitis, and HIV may be transmitted by addicted persons. Identification and education of these patients is very important and this survey was carried out for determination of the prevalence of these infections in addicted persons. This descriptive study was conducted on 180 self referred addicted persons who were selected through convenience non-probably sampling out patient clinic in Rafsanjan. After taking consent of patients, serum samples were checked for HIV, B and C hepatitis by ELISA and Western blot tests. For data analysis, chi square and fisher tests were used. The results of this study suggest that the mean of subject's age was 29.3 +/- 5.3 years [%95.5 male and 4.5%female],%17.21 IV drug abusers. The rate of Viral infection was%11.7 [21 subjects] including 11 persons who were IV drug abusers this deference was statistically significant [p<0.0001], HIV test was positive in 3 persons [%1/66] and all of them were IV drug abusers. HCV in 13 persons was positive that 5 persons were IV drug abusers. HBV markers were detected in 5 persons [2.7%] including 3 IV drug abusers. The findings of this study revealed that there was a high rate of viral infection in addicted persons especially in IV drug abusers. This suggests the need for more attention and education for preventing the occurrence of these problems