[ effect of a period of high intensive interval training on total antioxidant capacity and level of liver tissue malondialdehyde in male Wistar rats]

Background and Aim: The results of many studies have shown that free radicals are cause of more than 60 diseases and antioxidant system [antioxidant] can stop the damaging process induced by free radicals in the body. One of the most important factors which can increase the production of free radicals is heavy breathing during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of high intensive interval training on plasma total antioxidant capacity and malondealdehyde level in liver tissue of male Wistar rats

Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 adult male Wistar rats [195-220 g] were randomly divided into control [n = 8] and training [n=8] groups. The training protocol consisted of running on treadmill 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Standard meal and water were provided and the subjects were allowed to choose their food freely. 48 hours after the last session of training and 8 hours of overnight fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected to measure the total antioxidant capacity and MDA level by using colorimetric method. We used independent T test for data analysis

Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of intensive interval exercise had no significant effect on the plasma antioxidant activity and capacity and also tissue level of MDA [p>0.05]

Conclusion: Since 8 weeks of high intensive interval training had no effect on the total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde level, it can be said cautiously that exercise at regular intervals can induce useful adaptation in antioxidant system which can lead to resistance against oxidative stress

[Comparison of postural position and body mass index in elementary male students in public and private elementary schools]

Background and Objective: Skeleton abnormalities have adverse effect on skeleton structure and natural shape of hight. This study was done to compare the postural position and body mass index in elementary male students in public and private elementary schools

Methods: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 1254 boys [627 subjects of elementary public school and private elementary schools Abhar city in North West of Iran. Weight and height and body mass index of students were measured. Stature abnormalities measured with Bob, Kayfometer, Goniometer, Caliper and Padscope

Results: BMI of students was more in private school [18.23 +/- 3.76] in compare to public schools [17.4 +/- 3.46] [P<0.05]. Scoliosis, kyphosis, flat back, lordosis, flat foot and pescavus abnormalities was more in students of public schools in comparision with private school [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Physical inactivity and lack of adequate exercise space in private schools cause over weight and stature abnormalities

[Knee joint muscles activity during single leg drop landing from different heights among men with genu varum and men with normal knee]

Background and Objective: Genuvarum is considered as one of the risk factors for the incidence of osteoarthritis. This study was done to compare the knee joint muscles activity during single leg drop landing from different heights among men with genu varum and men with normal knee

Methods: This case - control study was done on 20 male students with genu varum deformity and 20 male students with normal knee. Genu varum deformity was measured by a kolis and goniometer. Muscle activity of lower limb was recorded with electromyography

Results: There was significant difference in muscles activity of medialis gastrucnemius, peroneus longus, biceps femoris and gluteus medius in cases and controls [P<0.05], while no significant difference was observed in other muscles

Conclusion: The changes in the knee normal structure might affect daily activities and possibly lead to in injuries due to physical training

[ effects of 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training on risk factors of asthma, insulin resistance and some of the major physiological indices in overweight and obese adolescents]

Eotaxin, which is an important chemokine in asthma, was recently reported to be increased in obesity in mice and humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on plasma eotaxin levels, insulin resistance, maximal oxygen consumption [Vo2max] and some of the major physiological factors in overweight and obese adolescents. In this experimental study, 28 healthy obese and overweight male adolescents were randomly selected. We divided the obese subjects into two groups: exercise group [N = 13] and control group [N=15]. The exercise group performed combined exercise training, 4 days a week [70 min/d] for 8 weeks. Vo2max, adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profile and eotaxin were measured before and after the completion of exercise training. Independent T-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. p<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training increased eotaxine level and Vo2max, and decreased insulin resistance, percentage of body fat, weight, BMI, WC, and plasma levels of triglycerides in obese male adolescents[P<0.05]. There was no significant relationship between primary level of eotaxine with other factors [P<0.05]. In spite of increased eotaxine level after 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training, We observed positive effects on some of the physiological indices [TG, %BF, insulin resistance, central obesity, BMI and Vo2max] in overweight and obese adolescents

[ response of some immune and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease in prepubertal overweight boys to a single intense duration of exercise session]

The purpose of this study was to determine the response of some immune and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease to a single, short intense duration of exercise, in prepubertal overweight boys exercise. To do this, 13 students 11-14 years-old were selected randomly from among voluntary subjects. In the preliminary session VO2max [26.9 +/- 4.9 ml/kg/min], weight [77.07 +/- 17.33 kg], height [1.65 +/- 0.08], fat percent [31.7 +/- 5.6 percent], body composition, BMI [28.9 +/- 3.5 kg/m2], skeletal age [12.4 +/- 0.9 years] with X-ray, pubertal age with Tanner-stage [T3, T4] was measured and determined familiar illness was done four day before experimental session. In the experimental session, firstly, pre-exercise blood sample collected in fasted state, and then every subject on the ergometer cycle started cycling with 65-70% VO2max for 40 min, post 5 min warming, with 5 min cool down at the end of the program. Immediately post-exercise and recovery blood samples were drawn for measurement by a cell counter employing Isotone Soluble technique, while for hs-CRP and IL_6, we used the immunometric assay Eliza kit. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measures [R-ANOVA] test. The results showed there was a significant relation between different blood samplings. The post hoc [LSD] test that showed neutrophils count and hs-CRP and IL-6 levels one hour after exercise statistically was more than pre-exercise [p=0.001, 0.01, 0.01, respectively] also lymphocyte, monocytes, neutrophils counts and IL-6 level immediately post-exercise [p=0.05, 0.01, 0.004, 0.01, respectively]. Exercise may initiate the response of inflammatory and immune factors in prepubertal obese boys, and increase levels of these factors. This study indicates that a single intense bout of exercise with 65-70% Vo2max can increase subgroups of with blood cells, C-reactive protein and IL-6 in immature obese and overweight children, intense exercise can be activate immune and inflammatory system and increase levels of some of the cited factors