Incidence of BK virus nephropathy [BKVN] in renal transplant recipients

BK virus nephropathy [BKVN] is one of the complications of renal transplantation that causes graft loss in renal transplant recipients. To determine the incidence of BKVN after renal transplantation in Hasheminejad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this analytical cross-sectional study, we evaluated 31 consecutive kidney transplant recipients [21 men and 10 women] for BK and JC viral infections and BKVN during one year after transplantation, Urine of patients was tested for the presence of decoy cells and DNA of BK and JC virus by PCR. The serum load of BK and JC virus was assessed in patients 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplantation. Renal biopsy was performed in presence of allograft dysfunction or viral load>107 copies/mL. The prevalence's of decoy cells and BK and JC viral DNA in urine of patients were 16%, 29%, and 23%, respectively. BK or JC virus was found in 45% of the urine samples. During one year follow-up, no cases of BKVN was observed. Despite a high rate of BK viral infection, no one with BKVN was observed in our kidney trans-plant recipients. Therefore, screening of all transplant recipients for BKVN is not recommended

[Survey the effect of alcohol on surgical scrub]

Surgical site infection [SSI] is one of the common complications in postoperative period. SSI is induced with microorganisms that spread by surgeon, assistant and etc. Surgical scrub could reduce colony count of hands. This reduction can reduce the potential of SSI. Disinfection solutions are one of most important in scrub efficacy. These solutions have specific advantage and disadvantage. It seems that compound solutions have more efficacy in compared with each of these solutions alone. This study was designed to survey the effect of betaine and alcohol compound in surgical scrub. With approval of the ethics committee of the medical university, 40 volunteers including surgeons, operating room technicians, nurses, resident and operating room students were selected. Scrub with each of these solution was performed in one, three and five minutes. Each volunteers scrubbed with povidone iodine 7.5% alone or a compound solution of povidone iodine and alcohol in a duration of 1, 3 and 5 minutes. They selected one of the 6 methods randomly. In first day, scrub sampling were taken on blood agar nutrient plates using the finger impression [dominant hand] technique before, immediately after and 30 minutes after scrub. The plates were then labeled and transported to a separate laboratory. The sample plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 37Oc temperature. Colony forming units and the type of bacteria on sample plates were then recorded. Results showed that most of bacteria were Staph. Saprophyticus, Staph. Epidermis, Micrococcus spp., Bacilus spp. Scrub with betadine or betadine and alcohol compound in each of 1, 3 and 5 minute duration, could reduce hand colony counts effectively. This reduction was continued until 30 minutes after scrub. Both applied methods in this study, betadine alone and betadine and alcohol compound, had equal effects on scrub. Given the drying and irritation effecst of alcohols on skin, we recommend to use of betadin alone for scrub

Effect of postoperative oxygen therapy on nausea and vomiting following cesarean section

One of the prophylactic methods in avoiding postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] is the application of intraoperative supplemental oxygen which was shown to have a protective effect in some studies yet a matter of controversy among different researchers. To study the effect of postoperative oxygen therapy on PONV. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 106 eligible patients subjected to elective cesarean section in 2003. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Anesthesia and drugs in intraoperative and postoperative periods were the same in two groups. In intraoperative period all patients inhaled 50% oxygen balanced with N [2]O. One group received 60% oxygen in postoperative period [study group], and a second group received routine care of 30-40 percent oxygen in recovery room and no oxygen on surgical ward [control group]. SPO [2] and PONV were recorded in recovery and surgical ward. PONV was 28.3% and 24.5% in study and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups. Our study suggests that postoperative application of 60% oxygen was of no value to produce preventive effect on PONV in patients undergoing cesarean section

relative frequency, clinical and laboratory findings of adult glomerulonephritidies in Tehran

Renal diseases information is population-based and has great geographic variability. Due to the lack of national renal data registry system, there is no information on the prevalence rate, and clinical and laboratory features of various glomerulonephritidies [GNs] in Iran. In a retrospective cross sectional study, we analyzed 462 adult renal biopsies in Hashemi Nejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. We determined the prevalence rate and the frequency of different clinical and laboratory findings in patients with different GNs. We also compared our results with the reports from other countries. There were 267[57.8%] males and 195[42.2%] females. The mean age [ +/- SD] was 33.6 +/- 15.7 [range, 13-75] years old. After exclusion of 55 biopsies with pathologies other than GNs and in the remaining 407 biopsies, membranous glomerulopathy [MGN] was the most common GN [23.6%], followed by IgAN [13.5%], membranoproliferative GN [11.5%], systemic lupus nephritis [10.6%], focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [10.3%], and minimal change disease [9.8%]. These 6 GNs comprised the majority [79.4%] of all GNs. MGN is the most common form of GN, followed by IgAN, MPGN, SLE-GN, FSGS and MCD in adult patients in our study. The multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed for more comprehensive data in Iranian population

Results of 319 consecutive renal transplants from living related and living unrelated donors

Between April 1986 and October 1989, 319 consecutive renal transplants were carried out in Hashemi Nejad Kidney Center. Two hundred and forty two transplants [76%] were from living related donors and 77[24%] from living unrelated donors. In all kidney donors, true voluntarism of consent was explored by our Donor Assessment Panel. Triple therapy [cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone] was used in 279 patients and conventional therapy [azathioprine, prednislone] in 40 patients. One year patient and graft survival rates were not significantly different between LRD and LUD transplants [96%, 92% vs. 98%, 90%]. In the second series of 100 consecutive renal transplants, the one year patient survival rate improved significantly, increasing from 93% to 99% and appeared to be due to the center effect [P<0.05]