[Relationship between pre-hospital services to patients with acute myocardial infarction and their hospital length of stay in Hazrate Rasool hospital: 2009]

Pre-hospital emergency medical services may have an effective role in the survival rate and prevention of serious injuries to patients and victims. On the other hand, increased length of stay can lead to an increase in hospital and patient costs while prolonging the recovery and rehabilitation time. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-hospital care and hospital length stay in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Hazrate Rasool Hospital. The population of this retrospective analytical cohort study constituted the patients diagnosed with Acute Myocardial Infarction hospitalized at Hazrate Rasool Hospital in Tehran in 2009. These patients were diagnosed during the first six month of 2009 and were ultimately discharged alive. The sample was the same as the study population. Data analysis was done by means of SPSS version 16, non-parametric Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The findings showed that 88% of the patients were transferred to the hospital with ambulance and had already received pre-hospital services. The average length of stay in the hospital was found to be 17.6 days [SD = 4.05]. There were no significant differences in length of stay for the two groups of patients; those taken to hospital by ambulance and those who were not. However, a significant difference was observed between patients with various age groups. Moreover, the length of stay in patients with different insurance coverage was statistically significant. [P 0.05] According to the findings, although the means of transportation of the patients as well as pre-hospital services seem to have no impact on the length of stay in hospital, they may, however, affect other consequences such as improvement in overall health of the patient, reduction of injuries, pain, etc. which may not lead to a reduction in hospital stay. It seems that in studies examining factors affecting length of stay in hospitals, researchers should have systemic and holistic views on these factors in order to obtain a realistic contribution of each factor in increasing or decreasing the length of stay

[Relationship between structural empowering and nurses' readiness for change]

People are the focus of all changes in organizations. Therefore, their readiness for change is among most important factors in current organizations. Empowerment enables employees to deal with the problems and threats with endurance and flexibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between structural empowerment with nurses' readiness for change. It was a descriptive correlational study. One hundred and thirty nurses working in Hasheminejad hospital in Tehran were recruited by simple random sampling. Data related to people's readiness for change, and structural empowering was collected by means of Pankern Han et al. [1998] tool and Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire- 11 [CWEQ-11] respectively. Data was analyzed using Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression analysis by means of SPSS-PC [v. 16]. There was a significant positive relationship between structural empowerment and nurses' readiness for change [P

[Relationship between leadership style of managers and job satisfaction of medical emergency technicians]

Job satisfaction in medical emergency technicians is vitally important regarding their working conditions and the necessity of accuracy and speed in saving lives. Managers' leadership styles are the most important factors which may be correlated with job satisfaction. This research aims to study the relationship between managers' leadership style [Transformational, Transactional and Laissez Fair Leadership] and job satisfaction of medical emergency technicians. In this research, all persons in emergency medical center of Isfahan city such as technicians, managers of different levels including bases supervisors, deputies, and also head of the center were studied. It was used Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire [MLQ] and Job Descriptive Index questionnaire [JDI] in order to assess leadership style and job satisfaction respectively. The relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction was surveyed by using Pearson correlation analysis. Based on the findings, there was a meaningful relationship between both transactional and transformational leadership styles with job satisfaction [P<0.01]. There was no relation between laissez fair leadership style with job satisfaction. Research has shown that there is a significant relationship between leadership styles of managers and personnel job satisfaction increase. Based on the results, the transformational leadership style improves job satisfaction