ABSTRACT
Although Helicobacter pylori has a significant impact on the occurrence of severe clinical syndromes, its exact ways of transmission and origin have not been identified. According to the results of some previously published articles, foods with animal origins play a substantial role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans. The present investigation was carried out to study the vacuolating cytotoxin A [vacA] and cytotoxin associated gene A [cagA] genotypes status and antibiotic resistance properties of H. pylori strains recovered from minced-meat and hamburger samples. A total of 150 meat product samples were collected from supermarkets. All samples were cultured and the susceptive colonies were then subjected to nested-PCR, PCR-based genotyping and disk diffusion methods. 11 out of 150 samples [7.33%] were positive for H. pylori. All the isolates were further identified using the nested-PCR assay. Prevalence of H. pylori in hamburger and minced-meat samples was 1.42% and 12.5%, respectively. S1a, m1a and cagA were the most commonly detected genotypes. The most commonly detected combined genotypes in the H. pylori strains of minced-meat were s1am1a [10%], s1am1b [10%] and s2m1a [10%]. Helicobacter pylori strains of meat products harbored the highest levels of resistance against ampicillin [90.90%], erythromycin [72.72%], amoxicillin [72.72%], trimethoprim [63.63%], tetracycline [63.63%], and clarithromycin [63.63%]. Hamburger and minced-meat samples may be the sources of virulent and resistant strains of H. pylori. Meat products are possible sources of resistant and virulent strains of H. pylori similar to those vacA and cagA genotypes. Using healthy raw materials and observation of personal hygiene can reduce the risk of H. pylori in meat products
ABSTRACT
Lumbar spinal subarachnoid block is simple, cheap and effective method of anaesthesia for infra-umblical surgical procedures. In the present atmosphere of cost consciousness, spinal subarachnoid block is cost effective and can be of advantage in the developing countries like ours, where the medical gases and expert anaesthesiologists are the rare commodities and deficiently available in the remote areas. Subarachnoid analgesia is entering into its centennial anniversary this year as the first successful block was performed by August Bier in 1899 in Germany. In the present study the management of 200 cases of lower segment caesarian section under spinal subarachnoid block is presented and the advantages discussed. There was a low incidence of vomiting [9%] and no chances of aspiration even in the emergency nature of caesarian section. Cardiovascular side effects can be avoided by routine preloading with I. V fluids and the incidence of headache and backache can be reduced by using a small gauge L/P needle as is manifest in the present study. Spinal subarachnoid block has the advantage of the prolonged postoperative analgesia which can be prolonged further by adding narcotic analgesic to the local drug. In the present study, authors used hyperbaric local analgesic Cinchocaine [1:200 in 6% glucose] which has a definite spread of analgesia. Spinal analgesia has the additional advantage of very low chances of foetal depression and the 84.4% babies born after caesarian section under spinal block has normal Apgar score. The authors would recommend lumber spinal subarachnoid block with all its advantages both on the maternal side as well as on the foetal side
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Subarachnoid Space , Lumbosacral RegionABSTRACT
Pre-eclampsia is due to sudden, severe, generalized spasm of the blood vessels followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Aspirin, due to its anti-vasoconstrictive and anti-platelet aggregative properties is reportedly being used worldwide to prevent pre-eclampsia. A randomised control trial on patients with previous history of PET and essential hypertension was carried out with 100 control patients on placebo and routine antihypertensive medicines and another 100 patients treated with 75mg Aspirin bid [1 /4th tab.] from 14th week gestation onwards or when first seen in antenatal clinic with mild hypertension i.e. BP 140/ 90 mmHg recorded on two consecutive occasions, till term. The treatment group showed very encouraging results as compared to the control group where PET [hypertension + edema + albuminuria] developed inspite of antihypertensive treatment with beta blockers and Ca Channel blockers. Aspirin was found to be a very cheap and effective drug for prevention of P.I.H. if given early as a prophylactic agent. It decreases the severity of disease and also neonatal morbidity due to IUGR and preterm deliveries considerably in early detected cases. If given to patients with moderate to severe PET, it has no effect