[Effect of folate supplementation during 10 weeks of HIIT on serum levels of ghrelin and leptin in male Wistar rats]

Background and Aim: Exercise training is one of the contributing factors in appetite changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of folate supplementation on serum levels of ghrelin and leptin during 10 weeks of high intensity interval training in male Wistar rats

Materials and methods: After a period of familiarization for one week, 27 male Wistar rats [weight= 203/94 +/- 27/34gr, Age: 9 weeks], were randomly divided into four groups: control [n=6], folate supplementation [n=6], high intensity interval training [n =7] and HIIT+folate supplementation [n =8]. HIIT training protocol started with speed of 30 m/min for 1 min with 10 reps and 2 min active rest in the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min for 1 min with 7 reps and 3 min active rest in the last week. Folate supplementation carried out by dissolving folate tablets in drinking water. 48 hrs after the last training session, animals were anesthetized, serum samples were collected and ghrelin and leptin levels of serum were measured by using ELISA kit

Results: The results of this study showed that serum ghrelin level increased significantly [P=0/01] in folate+HIIT group compared to those in HIIT groups. Also, there was a significant decrease [P=0/35] in serum leptin levels in the folate, HIIT and folate+HIIT groups compared to that in the control group but, we found no such significant [P=0/955] differences between folate+HIIT and HIIT groups

Conclusions: According to our results, folate supplementation during high intensity interval training resulted in increased serum ghrelin level. Therefore folate supplementatian can prevent loss of appetite in the athletes who perform high intensity interval training

[ effects of 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training on risk factors of asthma, insulin resistance and some of the major physiological indices in overweight and obese adolescents]

Eotaxin, which is an important chemokine in asthma, was recently reported to be increased in obesity in mice and humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on plasma eotaxin levels, insulin resistance, maximal oxygen consumption [Vo2max] and some of the major physiological factors in overweight and obese adolescents. In this experimental study, 28 healthy obese and overweight male adolescents were randomly selected. We divided the obese subjects into two groups: exercise group [N = 13] and control group [N=15]. The exercise group performed combined exercise training, 4 days a week [70 min/d] for 8 weeks. Vo2max, adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profile and eotaxin were measured before and after the completion of exercise training. Independent T-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. p<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training increased eotaxine level and Vo2max, and decreased insulin resistance, percentage of body fat, weight, BMI, WC, and plasma levels of triglycerides in obese male adolescents[P<0.05]. There was no significant relationship between primary level of eotaxine with other factors [P<0.05]. In spite of increased eotaxine level after 8 weeks of interval combined exercise training, We observed positive effects on some of the physiological indices [TG, %BF, insulin resistance, central obesity, BMI and Vo2max] in overweight and obese adolescents

[Effect of an 8-week resistance training program on acetylcholinesterase activity in rat muscle]

Background: The neurophysiological mechanism for increasing strength by resistance training has not been understood precisely. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training [RT] on A12 acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity in rat muscle

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male rats were randomly assigned into two groups: resistance training and control. The 8 weeks [5 sessions/week] resistance training consisted of climbing [3 sets of 4 repeats with a 3 min rest between the sets] a ladder [1 meter height consisted of 26 stairs] carrying a weight 30% of their body weight [suspended from the tail] in the first week and increased to 200% of body weight in the last week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the flexor hallucis longus [FHL] muscles of animals were isolated from the posterior lateral side of hindlimb under sterile conditions. Finally, AChE activity was measured for both groups

Results: No significant difference was seen in AChE activity in FHL muscles of the RT group [resistance: 1.31 +/- 0.48 vs. control: 1.01 +/- 0.29, P=0.226]

Conclusion: It seems that resistance training can not significantly increase AChE activity, as an acetylcholine release marker

[Effect of concurrent, strength and endurance training on hormones, lipids and inflammatory characteristics of untrained men]

Introduction: Concurrent training or the simultaneous performance of several types of exercise [strength and endurance training], has more positive effects on body composition and cardiovascular system, than training with either mode alone The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different training regimes [endurance, resistance and concurrent] on the hormone [cortisol and testosterone], lipid [LDL, HDL, TG, TC], and inflammatory [TNF-alpha] indexes of previously untrained subjects

Materials and Methods: Twenty nine sedentary men students [age 24.89 +/- 1.21yrs, height 175.87 +/- 6.52 cm, weight 68.44 +/- 5.50 kg] were randomly divided into the Endurance [E; n=10], Strength [S; n=9], and the Concurrent[C; n=10] groups. The training programs were performed for 10 weeks, 3 times per week in the three groups

Results: Body mass decreased in E group. Significant increases in squat and bench press exercises 1RM occurred after training in the S and C groups [P

Conclusion: Our results indicate that strenght training leads to increase in the plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokine [TNF-alpha] and cortisol in untrained men, immunomodulatory effects which may be related to the training load of the S training program. It appears that combining the E and S training [concurrent training], neutralized the single effects of this these training types. Concurrent training can also be used for normalization of lipid profiles