[Acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids]

Discovery of leptin has led to numerous experiments for better understand of its function, and many of these studies have focused on leptin's response to both acute exercise and exercise training. The aim of this research was the investigation of acute effects of an aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session on serum leptin and plasma lipids in trained men 19-26 years old. Voluntary twenty four trained divided into trained [12 subjects] and control [12 subjects] groups, randomly. Exercise session includes Astrand exhaustive incremental test on treadmill which have been done between 8-10 am. Blood sampling gathered pretest, post test and 9 hours after training. For data analysis we have employed two way repeated measures ANOVA, paired T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software, version 15.Results demonstrated serum leptin immediately increase after training in control group but this change statistically was not significant [p>0.05]. Plasma LDL-c and total cholesterol significantly increase immediately after training in pretest values [p<0.033]. Significantly negative correlation was found between serum leptin immediately after test and pretest plasma LDL-c in trained group [r=-0.65, p<0.022]. In general, there are not any significant differences between two control and trained groups in any measured blood factors during three bouts measurement. An aerobic exhaustive incremental exercise session statistically has not acute effect on serum leptin in trained men 19-26 years old

[Colonoscopic diagnostic findings in patients undergoing colonoscopy in Qom hazrat-e-masoome hospital during 2007-2008]

In recent years there have been noticeable changes in diagnosis and treatment of colon disorders by colonoscopy and direct vision. Along with its international development, this useful equipment is being used in Iran to treat various disorders. It should be mentioned that there are no exact statistics of these disorders to date. This study was done with aim of evaluating the diagnostic findings in patients undergoing colonoscopy in Qom during 2007-2008. This descriptive-cross sectional study was done on 500 patients having referred to colonoscopy ward of Hazrate-e-Masoome Hospital in Qom. After colonoscopy, patient data were entered into a special questionnaire and then pathologic findings were added to it. The data were taken for statistical analysis. Out of 500 patients undergoing colonoscopy 279 were male [55.8%] and 221 female [44.2%]. In all groups and both sexes the most common reason for carrying out colonoscopy was abdominal pain [46.6%] rectorrhagia [41%]. As regards diagnosis, a total of 199 cases [39.8%] of all 500 colonoscopies had normal colonoscopy,124 cases [24.8%] had hemorrhoid, 64 cases [12.8%] had polyp, 55 cases [11%] had inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], 30 cases [6%] had tumor, 17 cases[3.2%] had diverticulosis and 12 cases [2.4%] had solitary rectal ulcer. There was a significant relationship between abdominal pain and tumor, polyp and diverticulosis. [p<0.001] There was also a significant relationship between age and the aforementioned disorders. [p<0.001] Based on the findings of this study, the prevalence of cancer and IBD is higher in men diverticulosis is higher in women. The highest prevalence of IBD was in the age group of 21-30 years. With an increase in age, the incidence rate of this disease decreases

[Epidemiologic features of admitted patients with infectious diseases in Qom]

Despite decades of dramatic progress in their treatment and prevention, infectious diseases remain a major cause of death and debility responsible for worsening the living conditions of millions of people around the world. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiologic features of patients admitted with infectious disases at Kamkar Hospital in Qom. A routine data base study was carried out to obtain relevant data from medical records of patients admitted with infectious diseases at the Kamkar Hospital during summer 2007. The epidemiologic features of patients were obtained and analyzed using chi-square, t-test and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Out of 2907 admitted cases at the Kamkar hospital 331 [11.3%] pertained to infectious diseases. The most frequent infections were urinary tract infection, septicemia and pneumonia; 61cases [18.4%], 48cases [14.5%] and 45cases [13.6%], respectively. The most common involved systems were respiratory tract and urogenital tract, with each one having 73cases [22.05%].This study confirms the continuing importance of infectious diseases especially urinary tract infection, septicemia and pneumonia in Qom, which requires more research to be done to better identify their epidemiology and pathogenesis

[Comparing tympanic and rectal temperature measurement methods]

Monitoring of patients' temperature is an important clinical nursing task. Proper treatment of patients is possible by controlling the body temperature accurately. Body temperature is usually taken at different sites like rectum, month, axillaries and tympanic. Rectal temperature measurement as a less invasive method has been used for a long time. The aim of this study was untaken to compare two methods of tympanic and rectal temperature measurement. A comparative study design was used to recruit a convenient sample of 336 patients in study. They ranged in age from 16 to 85. The tympanic temperatures were measured using the Braun ThermoScan type 6020 and the rectal temperatures were measured by Samsung digital. The measurement accuracy of both thermometers was 0.1 °C, according to those manufactures. Collected data were inserted to SPSS and Medcalc sofwares and analyzed through descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Pearson coefficient, Bland-Altman's analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. P-value less than 0.05 considered significant. Using Paired t-test, it was revealed that tympanic and rectal mean temperatures were significantly different [P<0.0001]. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean rectal temperatures were 0.23°C more than the mean of tympanic temperatures, with ranges of agreement between -0.98°C to 0.51°C for right tympanic temperatures and the limits of agreement between -0.88°C to 0.41°C for left tympanic temperatures. There was also high correlation between right [r=0.88] and left [r= 0.89] tympanic temperatures [P<0.0001]. Despite high correlation between rectal and tympanic temperature, their differences were significant both statistically and clinically. It could be concluded that tympanic temperature can't reflect the rectal temperature with high agreement. Based on the study's result, tympanic method couldn't be an excellent alternative for rectal method. However, each of them has special performances, advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice

[Plates and screws removal after sagital split osteotomy]

In contemporary orthognatic surgery, osteotomy and rigid internal fixation procedures are commonly used to restore stability and function of the jaws, and to obtain comfort for patients. Although there are many good reasons for utilization of this type of fixation, in some patients the need to remove plates and screws after surgery may arise due to related complications. The present study investigated plate removal after sagital split osteotomy and its reasons. In this prospective study, 67 patients in need of sagital spilt osteotomy or bimaxillary osteotomy were selected from two university departments during the period of 2005 to 2007. All patients were followed up for 14 month after surgery and number of plates removed was recorded. In addition, information regarding age, sex, duration of operation, medical condition, splitting during surgery, smoking habits, and need to extract wisdom teeth at the time of surgery were gathered. The data were analyzed using a linear logistic regression model with the SPSS software version 12. Infection was the sole reason for plate removal in this study. From 134 plates used in 67 patients 14 plates [10.5%] were removed in 10 patients. Age was the only statistically significant factor to affect plate removal and the effect of other factors were not statistically significant. According to the findings of this study only a few patients needed plate removal. Routine removal of plate does not appear to be clinically indicated

Quality of life and status of physical functioning among elderly people in west region of Tehran: a cross-sectional survey

Elderly is a sensitive period and quality of life in elderly is of great importance that should not be ignored. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between quality of life and status of physical functioning among elderly people in west region of Tehran. This was a descriptive-correlational study. Through multistage sampling method, 410 participants over 60 years old and cognitively intact were selected to participate in the study. The data-gathering tool consisted of a 2-part questionnaire: Short Form Health Survey [SF12] used to measure quality of life, questions related to status of physical functioning which includes activities of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs]. The result of the study showed that there was statistically significant correlation between quality of life among elderly and their "status of physical functioning [ADLs and IADLs]", "gender", "education', "economic status" and "present health status" [P < 0.05]. Also, the results showed that the mean quality of life score of the participants was 32.84 [SD=8.89, range 12-48], indicating that they evaluate their quality of life as moderate. The mean score of ADLs was 13.54 [SD=1.53, range 0-14], and the mean score of IADLs was 14.20 [SD=3.717, range 0-18], which indicated total independence. Regarding the results, the quality of life and status of physical functioning are related meaningfully indicating that older people should be considered as vulnerable group. The researchers suggest health authorities to provide this group with programs and facilities for promotion of their physical functioning, and also, suggest prospective studies to be conducted in this issue

Health promoting behaviors and its related factors in elderly

Long life expectancy and living healthy in the stage of elderly is a human right, thus health promoting behaviours for prevention of complications are important. The purpose of this study was to determine health promoting behaviors and its related factors in elderly people. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Through multi-stage sampling method, 410 participants who were 60 years old and more, selected to contribute in the study. A questionaire was used to collect data by interview. The results showed that 'smoking cessation' behaviour had significant relationships [P<0.05] with gender and current health status. Also smoking abstinence behaviour had statistical significant correlation with gender, education and current health status. Moreover, exercise [walking] behaviour had significant correlation with gender, family structure and current health status; low-salt diet' and 'low fat diet' had significant correlation with gender, education and current health status. In addition 'milk consumption, had significant relationship with age, family structure, current health status; 'health check up, Blood Pressure check up' and economic status [P<0.05]. According to the study findings, it is concluded that different factors could correlate with health promoting behaviors in elderly people. Therefore, planning for health promotion based on the correlated factors, social contribution, improving medical and health services and connseling services in elderly population is important to be considered

Effect of a 16 percent carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel staining susceptibility

Due to the growing popularity of vital bleaching by Carbamide Peroxide it is imperative to understand the effect of such agents on enamel and dentine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel; Vivastyle on enamel staining susceptibility.Thirty bovine specimens were selected and randomly divided into two groups of fifteen. The experimental group was subjected to Vivastyle gel and then was immersed in coffee, for half an hour daily for three weeks. The control group was only immersed in coffee. The teeth were evaluated by colorimeter readings to measure L*, a*, b* of each tooth. Total color differences between two colors [DELTAE] were calculated using the following formula: DELTAE= [[DELTAL*] 2 + [DELTAa*] 2+ [DELTAb*] 2]. DELTAE1 represent color difference after bleaching; DELTAE2: bleached and immersed in coffee, and DELTAE3 immersed in coffee. Mean color difference were: 9.478, 13.808, and 7.230 for DELTAE1, DELTAE2, and DELTAE3 respectively. Paired comparison by Duncan test showed that there was a significant difference between DELTAE1 and DELTAE2 [P0.000]. t-test showed that there was no significant difference between DELTAE3 and DELTAE1. [P=0.08], however, DELTAE3 had significant difference with DELTAE2 [P0.000].After vital bleaching, the enamel staining susceptibility is significantly increased

Evaluation of the rate of knowledge of health care workers toward hepatitis B at Mashhad Dental School in Autumn 2003

Hepatitis B is a primary viral infection of liver which is of high importance, clinically as well as socioeconomically, due to its capacity in producing chronic state. One of its significant routes of transmission is blood and contaminated fluids, items and surfaces with blood. Since health care workers are always in touch with patient's blood and their blood contaminated secretions, they are considered as high risk groups. Thus, their knowledgibility toward hepatitis B and its routes of transmission is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge rate of health care workers [apart from dentists] toward hepatitis B at Mashhad Dental School. In this descriptive study, all of the health care workers apart from dentists at Mashhad dental school were given a questionnaire concerning hepatitis B complications, its routes of transmission and methods of prevention. Totally, 170 questionnaires were analysed using SPSS statistical software. The nurses had the highest rate of knowledge. 16.6% had an agreeable knowledge about routes of transmission, 33/3% about complications and 50% about the methods of prevention. The servants had the lowest rate of knowledge, more than 90% of whom had little or very little knowledge about routes of transmission, complications and prevention methods [94%, 93% and 95/5% respectively]. None of them had an agreeable knowledge state about any of the studied variables of hepatitis B. This study revealed that the rate of knowledge increased with level of education. The nurses had the highest education and rate of knowledge and the servants had the lowest education and rate of knowledge. Although health care workers were more knowledgable about preventive methods than complications and transmission routes, a number of them had not been vaccinated against hepatitis B. This implies that the health care workers commitment toward hepatitis B is not at an agreeable state and necessitates continuous educational strategies as well as supervision over their practice

[Pindbog tumor of the maxillary sinus, an unusaual case report]

Introduction: the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor [CEOT] is a rare benign epithelial odontogenic lesion that comprises 0.2% to 1% of all odotogenic tumors. In the study by Franklin and Pindborg, the CEOT was found most frequently in the premolar-molar region of the mandible. A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor arising within the maxillary sinus is extremely rare, with only three cases previously reported since the original descrition in 1946

Result and Conclusion: cross examination showed a tumor encased in bone and calcified material, measuring 25x35x40mm. The mucous memberane of the maxillary sinus was attached to the tumor. A maxillary premolars tooth and calcified maasses were observed within the tumor. Histologically, the tumor was composed of sheets of epithelial cells, with a fibrovascular stroma the epithelial cells had an eosinophilic cytoplasm. Intercellular bridges were present. No mitotic figures were noted throughout the specimen. Regions of amorphous and eosinophilic material were seen within the sheets of epithelial cells. The patient was followed for 17 years postoperatively, and there was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor The CEOT is generally considered a benign tumor. In a few cases, the tumor has been described as being locally aggressive, invading the surrounding soft tissues and bone marrow spaces. Metastasis of this lesion has been reported by Basu and colleagues. In their case there was evidence of local tissue invasion and lymph node involvement

[Unilateral coronoid process hyperplasia causing restricted opening of the mandible and facial asymmetry-Report of a case]

Introduction: hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible is a rare developmental anomaly and may be unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral enlargement of the coronoid process can result from a true tumor, such as an osteochondroma or osteoma. The purpose of this case report is its abnormal sits as well as rarity

Results and discussion: an enlarged coronoid process impinging on the posterior surface of the zygoma restricting mandibular opening and facial asymmetry and fracture of zygomatic arch was detected. Coronoidectomy was done for the patient under general anesthesia via an intraoral approach

Conclusion: one of the differential diagnosis of restricted mandibular opening is coronoid process hyperplasia. Treatment of coronoid hyperplasia consists of surgical removal of the enlarged coronoid process or processes to allow freedom of mandibular motion. Coronoidectomy is usually accomplished via an intraoral approach. Conventional radiographic techniques do not fully reveal the size and mushroom-shaped coronoid process, so CT Scanning and tomography is suggested