Hemodynamic effects of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block

Lidocaine plus epinephrine is the most common anesthetic drug used in dentistry which has important cardiovascular side-effects like increase in blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia. The goal of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular effects of one cartridge of 2% lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine. 60 Cases without any systemic diseases who had been admitted for right and lower molar tooth extraction were studied. For all of them, inferior alveolar nerve was blocked with one cartridge of%2 lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured with Omron digital sphigmomanometer [model M4] and recorded in 5 stages [At the admit time until 10 minutes after injection], and compared with together. The findings of our study showed that injection of one Cartridge of 2% lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine has negligible effects on blood pressure and pulse rate. Because of the minimum cardiovascular effects of one cartridge of%2 lidocaine + 1:80000 epinephrine in healthy cases, it seems to be safe for patients with mild cardiovascular disease

[Effects of realaxation therapy on signs and symptoms of patientswith TMD and depression]

Temporo-mandibular disorders [TMDs] are a group of chronic and common disease that a lot of skeletal, Dental and psychologic factors can have an effect on it. Proposed treatment to control this disorder consists of wide variety of drugs and non-drugs methods beside dental treatment. Some investigations have reffered to relation between TMDs and some psychologic factors such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate affects of relaxation therapy on TMDs.This was a clinical trial study. The case group consisted of 25 patients with TMDs and an average mark of depression Beck index of 4/4. After Beck test, patients were taught relaxation therapy methods. These methods were done until-two weeks. After completion of methods, Beck test was done again and TMD patients were re-enaluated.The average incidence of pain in TMJ [in function and Rest] the maximum opening, maximum protrusive and Lateral movement, deviation of mandible in maximum mouth opening, and Beck test mark before and after relaxation therapy were meaningful and changes showed decrease in TMDs signs. Findings show the effect of psychologic factors as an independent etiologic factor or dependent precursor of TMDs. These effects shouldn't be ignored, therefore the relaxation therapy without any side effects can be a combined method with other methods to increase patients cooperation because offoovering the pain

[Determining the relative frequency of dry socket after mandibularthird molar extraction]

Dry socket is undoubtedly on tne most distressing post operative sequel of teeth extraction. It occurs in spite of the most careful aseptic procedures and regardless of the ability and skills of the surgeon. The purpose of this study was to determin the relative frequency of dry socket after mandibular wisdom teeth extraction and defining the risk factors corresponding to this complication. This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 386 patients who were candidate for wisdom teeth extraction. A medical history was taken. Some of these patients were found to have a history of smoking and were taking birth control pill. Operation time and trauma during extraction, and the oral hygiene status of patients were recorded. Three days after extraction the patients were recalled and examined for dry socket. The findings revealed the relative frequency of the dry socket was 7.5% [29 patient]. Its occurrence was more in females than males, and maximum incidence was in the age between 20-40. The incidence were related to trauma and duration of extraction, history of smoking and oral contraceptive pills and pericoronitis, and had no specific relation with periapical lesions and oral hygiene.In this study, Similar to other studies, specific relation was found between dry socket and other factors like, smoking and age. But something which was obvious was the close relation of dry socket with the' intensity of trauma during extraction

[Knowledge and use of OCP in women in Ramsar town]

Statistics show that numerous oral contraceptive users take it incorrectly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and use of OCP in women who referred to health center of Ramsar town. This descriptive and analytical study was performed on 358 OCP users referred to Ramsar health care centers in 2002 [the first six months]. Method was as simple nonrandom sampling and data were collected by interview and questionnaire completion and then analyzed by SPSS. 43.6% of cases use pills incorrectly and knowledge level in 40.8% of women was low. There was a significant relationship between education and OCP use [p=0.003] and also between job and OCP use [p=0.03]. There was a significant relationship between training presentation in first meeting and use of OCP [p=0.019]. The results showed that the knowledge level and correct use of OCP in women receiving family planning services is not desirable