[Goiter surgery and urinary iodine concentration in 7-10-year-old children, Azarbayejan-Gharbi Province, 2001]

Iodine deficiency disorder [IDD] is a worldwide health problem. Parts of Iran, such as Azarbayejan-Gharbi, had been known as endemic areas for goiter. IDD was accepted as a priority health problem in our country and a National IDD Council was formed in 1989. This study was performed to evaluate the National IDD Council program in 2001 among 7-10-year-old children in Azarbayejan-Gharbi province. In this cross sectional study, 1200 children [M/F ratio=1], aged 7-10 years, were selected and grading of goiter was performed in accordance to the WHO criteria. Urinary samples were obtained from 120 children and urinary iodine was measured using digestion method. Total prevalence of goiter was 7.2% [6.7% in girls and 7.8% in boys]. The median urinary iodine was 14.6microg/dl. 83.9% had urinary iodine of more than 10microg/dl, while 2.6% had urinary iodine levels of < 5microg/dl. None of the candidates has urinary iodine of less the 2microg/dl. There was no significant difference between sexes and urban or rural areas. Results have revealed that the total prevalence of goiter has significantly decreased among children in Azarbayejan-Gharbi province, meanwhile, urinary iodine concentration of children has reached to WHO approved rate. Thus, Azarbayejan-Gharbi province could be classified among "iodine-deficiency-free" areas in Iran

Role of wheat enrichment with zinc compounds in changes of zinc blood level in general population

Bread constitutes the main food of Iranian people. The consumption of bread supplies 70% of protein and 20% of calorie needed by body. The zinc content of Iran's agricultural soil is less than 0.7 mg/kg while the standard value is more than 1 mg/kg. This study was carried out to assess the effect of soil enrichment with zinc compounds on the serum zinc level in general population. In the first stage agricultural soil was enriched with 15 kg/hectare iron sexsothirin, 40 kg/hectare manganese sulfate and 50kg/hectare zinc sulfate. The amount of zinc in the prepared flour, before and during the study, was measured by atomic absorption machine through dry oxidation. 1795 people were selected from rural areas of Urmia city, in Iran for this intervention. Blood samples were obtained from 10% of the population before and after intervention. The amount of serum zinc was measured by means of auto analyzer machine Hitadin 704 using UK Randox kit. This was a clinical trial study and collected data before and after intervention; considering mean, standard deviation and confidence interval 95% for all sex and age groups in the population were analyzed. The mean values for serum zinc before and after intervention were 80.05 and 109.73 microgram/deciliter blood respectively [CI=102.58, 116.89]. [p<0.0001], showing a significant difference. The mean values for serum zinc in women and men before intervention were 75.23 and 87.92 accordingly with p=0.028, the difference between the two groups were significant. The mean values for serum zinc levels after intervention in women and men were 103.39 and 108.66 respectively which showed no significant difference [p=818%]. Differences between the mean values for serum zinc levels in women and men before and after intervention with respective [p<0.0001] and [p<0.001] were significant. This study indicated use of zinc compounds for soil enrichment led to improvement of zinc standards in wheat and use of enriched flour for 6 months resulted in an increase in the serum zinc level in both sexes and all age groups of the community