Morphological and morphometric study of early-cleavage mice embryos resulting from in vitro fertilization at different cleavage stages after vitrification

The aim of this study was to examine the possible morphological and morphometric changes resulting from vitrification of embryos at the cleavage stage. In this study, 30 mice early-cleavage embryos at different stages of cleavage, resulting from in vitro fertilization [IVF] techniques, were examined before and after vitrification. Digital images were taken from embryos before and after vitrification. Zona pellucida thickness, differences in zona pellucida thickness, and diameter and volume of blastomeres and embryos as morphometric parameters and current rating of appearance of embryos as morphological parameters, have been studied. According to our findings, there were significant mean differences in all morphometric parameters of the two groups except in the zona pellucid thickness [P

[Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in industrial livestock slautherhouse workers in Khoy city]

Leptospirosis is a world-wide zoonotic infection occurring in animals and human. Rodents and wildlife are the major sources of the infection which can excrete Leptospira in their urine. The purpose of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of leptospira species in the slaughter house workers in khoy City. 30 serum samples were obtained from people slaughterhouse workers. Sera were tested by MAT using live Leptospira antigens including hardjo, Pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, canicola and ballum. The results of this study showed that four samples [13/33 percent] were positive and 12 samples [40 percent] had doubtful results. Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona were the most-prevalent serotypes in positive samples and samples with doubtful results respectively. All positive samples were identified in 1:200 titre. All of the samples were negative in 1:100 and 1:400 dilutions. 50% of the positive sera belonged to the subjects between 20 and 30 years of age and other 50% belonged to those with an age range of 40-50 years. 50% of the positive samples and 83% of the samples with doubtful results belonged to the subjects with employment records of less than 7 years. Leptospirosis is an occupational disease and slaughterhouse workers are more at risk of contamination with different strains of Leptospira and developing this infection which leads to transmission of contamination to protein and nutrient cycling

[ comparison of life style with body mass index [BMI] of loss and more then 25 in individuals between 20-65 years in Shahrekord city]

The present study aimed to compare the habits and features of obese [BMI>25] and normal [BM<25] individuals and express a method to ameliorate the life styles using a cross-sectional experiment. Two groups of case [n=110] and control [n=100] subjects were randomly selected. The samples were then divided into two groups [obese and normal], respectively. For each group, BMI was calculated. It the obtained BMI was >25 kg/m[2] then it was designated in the case group [obese]. Samples with BMI between 2-25 kg/m[2] were assigned into the control [normal] group. The miller-Smith life style questionnaires were used for both groups. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests. No significant differences were found between the two groups tested in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, marital status insurance, the length of sleep during 24h, cigarette smoking and losing job or spouse. However, a significant relation was found in using vegetables, sausage, fried potatoes, enriched breads, low fat milk, low salt, candies and chocolates [P<0.05]. The present study suggests that on way to control obesity and prevent diseases is to ameliorate the life styles with education to people

[ influential factors on burnout among nurses working in private hospitals in Tehran]

Nursing burnout is a syndrome, causing negative self image, negative attitude toward job and disrupted communication with the clients, could lead to a severe decline of healthcare qualities. Healthcare sectors are among the most important fields of stable development in any human society, which need healthy, enthused and motivated practitioners. Nursing staffs in private sectors encounter with numerous problems and job stress in their working environments which can result their burnout. The aim of present study was to identify the influential factors on burnout in nurses of private hospitals in Tehran. The study was carried out using a descriptive-analytic method. 505 nurses were participated in the study from different private hospitals in Tehran including Toos, Pastor no, Laleh, Tehran clinic and Kasra hospitals. Data were gathered through the questionnaires containing demographic information, scale of nursing burnout's factors and Maslach nursing burnout. Data was analyzed using SPSS package. The participants reported their high emotional exhaustion [6.36%], high depersonalization [1.81%] and feeling low competent [23.63%]. The most important factor contributing in nurses' burnout in assessed private sectors was the inappropriateness between the income and the workload and its difficulties. Considering the results and the importance of nursing job, attempts to reduce nurses' problems such as financial, social and managerial problems is important. The authorities should support nurses by preparing an appropriate environmental, personnel and management conditions

Gastric ulceration in Persian Arab horses in Iran: frequency, haematology and biochemistry

Gastric endoscopy was performed in the 24 Persian Arab horses from several race training in Tehran and Tabriz for detection of gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcer was evident in 14 Persian Arab horses [58.3%]. Ten out of 14 ulcers were in nonglandular region of the stomach. The horses with the history of long term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] had high prevalence of the gastric ulcer in the glandular mucosa. In this study the prevalence of gastric ulceration was higher in horses with active training program than others. Twelve out of 14 [71%] horses with gastric ulcers had a history of active training. The difference of two groups in respect to training was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. The number of monocytes was significantly lower and concentrations of potassium were significantly higher in horses with gastric ulcer [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that the frequency of gastric ulceration in the training Persian Arab horses was relatively high. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical importance of ulcer in these horses

[Comparison of the effects of lecture and booklet methods on awareness and attention of parents of children with Thalassemia major]

Thalassemia is one of the most important genetic diseases in Iran. Warning of their parents about their children's disease prevents the related problems and reduces its complications. This study was aimed at comparing the influence of lecture and booklet methods on enhancement of awareness and attentions of parents of children with Thalassemia major. In this interventional study, a total of 90 parents of children with Thalassemia who referred to Hajar hospital for medical treatments, were selected using simple sampling and were randomly divided in three groups of 30 parents. The parents in lecture group attended for seasons of lecture for 30 min. each with 3 weeks interval. A booklet with the same contents as the lecture group was given to the booklet group without any intervention. A questionnaire was designed to gather some information about the disease from parents of all three groups. To determine the statistical relationships, student t-test, Spearman's correlation and of ANOVA tests were used. No significant differences were found among the three groups tested in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, job, number of affected children, and age of the children. The results showed that the mean of knowledge before and after the education in the lecture group was 10.53 +/- 4.37 and 16.5 +/- 4.73 [P<0.05] and in the booklet group was 10.7 +/- 3.06 and 14.6 +/- 2.7 [P<0.05], respectively. There was no significant difference between lecture and booklet groups based education. After the education, the knowledge in the two groups was significantly more than that in control group [P<0.05]. The results showed that lecture and booklet methods have positive effects on increasing of the parent's knowledge about the disease. Thus, providing of the booklet for the parents, particularly in the region with high prevalence of the disease, is recommended

Study on the prevalence of gastric ulcer diagnosis in the Caspian miniature horse by endoscopy

The aim of the present study was to determination the prevalence of gastric ulcer in Caspian miniature horse. The design Field- laboratorial study on 23 Caspian miniature horses. Feed withdraw 12-16 hours before study and the owners or riders completed a form about housing, medication, age, sex, cell boold counts and the biochemical profile tests were carried out. Endoscope performed through the nostrils into the stomach for a systematic examination. Findings of endoscopy were analyzed by chi-squire test. Moreover, mean valus of the laboratorial values between horses with or without gastric ulcer were compared by T- test. Gastric ulcer was evident in 47. 82% of cases. However, 81. 9% and 18.1% of ulcers were in nonglandular and glandular regions of the stomach respectively. There was significant differences between glandular and nonglandular ulcers [p < 0.01] and between genders [The females had higher incidence of gastric ulcer than males][p < 0. 05]. Low incidence of gastric lesions were seen in horses which received antihelmentic drugs. Moreover, horses with history of long-term treatment with NSAID, had significantly higher incidence of gastric ulcer in the glandular region [p < 0.05]. The occurrence of gastric ulcer was associated with over exercise [p < 0.05]. There was no significant differences between serum Ca, Na, K, P, Mg and total protein levels in horses with or without ulcer. However horses suffered from gastric ulcer, showed a high serum levels of fibrinogen[p < 0.05]

effect of teaching using, problem base learning and lecture on behavior, attitude and learning of nursing [BSc] students

Problem base learning results in the clarification of the words and concepts, the definition of the concepts, problem analysis, providing a systematic method to describe the situation during analysis process, the determination of learning objectives, getting more knowledge according to learning requirements and merging of the new knowledge with solutions. Regarding the progress of nursing science across the world and the importance of promotion in nursing education using new educational methods, the aim of this research was to determine the effect of teaching using both problem base learning and lecture on behavior, attitude and learning of nursing [BSc] students at Shahre-Kord university of medical science. This research was a semi-experimental study involved 40 of nursing [at 4[th] semester] students at Shahre-Kord university of medical sciences who were learning the internal course [surgery 2]. They were selected using conventional sampling method and divided into two equal groups of case and control, using random sampling method. The problem base learning and lecture methods were used to teach individuals of case and control groups, respectively. At the end of the course, using a questionnaire, behavior, attitude, and learning of the students were assessed. Using T and Manvitni tests, the data was analyzed. The students were 95% female and single. The mean of age in both groups was 22/04 +/- 1 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the three former semester average scores, using t-test. The mean of learning in the case and control was 68.24 +/- 6.8 and 44.98 +/- 9.8, respectively. The mean of attitude in the case and control was 123.3 +/- 21 and 96.8 +/- 8 and the mean of behavior in the two groups was 69.5 +/- 2.5 and 63 +/- 3.1, respectively [p<0.001]. There was significant statistical difference [p<0.05] in the two categories of evaluation and application between the two groups studied [p<0.05]. There was also slight difference in the level of understanding between these two groups. Based on the results, teaching by problem base learning is more useful than lecture in modification and improvement of learning and attitude of the students studied. The results of this research is offered and recommended to the educational officials to substitute this method for the traditional ones

[ effect of polishing time on the shear bonding strength of resin composite and composer to dentin]

Suitable bond strength between tooth and restorative material is one of the most important factors in durability of restoration. The polishing of a restoration should be performed when the bond strength will not be influenced by the stress that is produced by the mechanical procedure of polishing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing time on the shear bond strength of resin composite and compomer to dentine of tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing time on the shear bond strength of resin composite and compomer to dentin of tooth. Truncated cone cavities were prepared in the horizontal coronal occlusal dentinal sections of 48 human molar teeth. Specimens were randomly divided in 4 experimental groups. The specimen cavities of group 1 and 2 were filled with resin composite and the specimen cavities of group 3 and 4 were filled with compomer. The specimens of group 1 and 3 were polished immediately after filling the cavities by restorative material and the specimens of group 2 and 4 were polished after 24 hours storage of samples in normal saline at 37 C. All of the specimens were stored in normal saline at 37 C for one week. The push out test was used to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin composite and compomer to dentin and the mean values of shear bond strength of the four groups were determined. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean shear bond strength values of group 1 and 3, group 2and 3, and groups 3and 4. Group 4 possessed the highest shear bond strength while group 3 possessed the lowest shear bond strength. It was concluded that hygroscopic expansion of compomer and improvement of bond strength of the compomer during the storage time due to delayed polishing increases the shear bond strength between compomer and dentin. On the other hand, since the type of setting reaction of the resin composite is polymerization, the time of polishing had no significant influence on the shear bond strength between resin composite and dentine