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Background and Objective: Although lifestyle-related factors have separately been examined in relation to functional gastrointestinal disorders [FGIDs], there is no epidemiologic data on the combined association of lifestyle factors with these conditions. We aimed to examine how combinations of several lifestyle factors were associated with functional dyspepsia [FD], its symptoms and gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD] in a large group of Iranian adults
Methods: This descriptive -analytic study was conducted on 3363 Iranian adults [19-70 yr], whom were working in 50 health centers across Isfahan province in Iran during 2012. We used easy non-random sampling to select participants. The "healthy lifestyle score" for each participant was calculated by summing up the binary score given for five lifestyle factors, including dietary habits, dietary intakes, psychological distress, smoking and physical activity. A dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire, General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire and other pre-tested questionnaires were used to assess the components of healthy lifestyle score. A validated Persian version of ROME III questionnaire was used, to assess functional gastrointestinal disorders
Results: The prevalence of FD and GERD among study participants was 14.5 and 23.6%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals with the highest score of healthy lifestyle had 79 and 74% lower odds of FD [95% CI: 0.05-0.92, OR: 0.21, P=0.03] and GERD [95% CI: 0.09-0.69, OR: 0.26, P=0.01], respectively, compared with those with the lowest score. They were also less likely to have early satiation [95% CI: 0.11-0.73, OR: 0.28, P=0.001], postprandial fullness [95% CI: 0.09-0.50, OR: 0.22, P<0.001] and epigastric pain [95% CI: 0.21-0.92, OR: 0.44, P=0.03]. In addition to the combined healthy lifestyle score, low levels of psychological distress, a healthy diet, healthy dietary habits and non-smoking were separately associated with FGIDs [P<0.05]
Conclusion: This study showed that adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with lower odds of GERD, FD and its symptoms in this group of Iranian adults. Individual lifestyle-related factors were also associated with these conditions
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The growing evidence suggest on the association between dietary patterns and obesity. This study was done to determine the relation between pattern of nutrient intake and obesity in Isfahanian adults
Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 8,691 subjects aged 18-55 years. Complete data of 6,724 and 5,203 adults were available for general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Daily intakes of 38 nutrients and bioactive compounds were calculated for each participant. Factor analysis was applied to derive major nutrient patterns
Results: Three major nutrient patterns were identified: 1] pattern high in fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin E, zinc, choline, protein, pyridoxine, phosphorus, and pantothenic acid; 2] high in thiamine, betaine, starch, folate, iron, selenium, niacin, calcium, and manganese; and 3] high in glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber, copper and vitamin K. Men in the highest quintile of the second pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model [95% CI: 0.20-0.76, OR: 0.39, P<0.05]. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant positive association was observed between the third pattern and general obesity among men [95% CI: 1.04-3.04, OR: 1.77, P<0.05], but it was not in women [95% CI: 0.74-1.88, OR: 1.18, P>0.05]
Conclusion: Nutrient patterns were significantly associated with general, but not abdominal obesity in the male Iranians participating in SEPAHAN study
ABSTRACT
Antibiotics and hormones are excreted with other wastes following their influences on bodies. These substances can disturbed treatment process by their entery to the wastewater. In this study the inhibitory behavior of antibiotics Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin and hormone beta stradiol 17- valerat have been investigated on Specific Methanogenic Activity [SMA] of anaerobic biomass. Twenty one SMA tests were done using 120-mLvials in batch mode. In each vial, substrate, biomass and biogas were occupied 66, 17, and 17% [v/v], respectively. Each test longed in range of 15-30 days. Produced methane was measured by gas replacement with 2N KOH solution as CO2 absorbent. In this study, at the concentrations of 200, 500 and 1000 mg/L of antibiotic Ofloxacin, the methane production reduced to 45, 76 and 88 percent, respectively. Reduced methane production of 68, 81 and 88 percent was observed in Ciprofloxacin concentrations of 100, 200, and 500 mg/L, respectively. Cumulative methane at the concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg E2 /L was 66, 90, and 121 mL, respectively Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin at concentrations similar to the antibiotic Ofloxacin have a greater inhibitory effect on specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic biomass. Also, the hormone E2 at lower concentrations showed more inhibitory effect than other two antibiotics Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin
ABSTRACT
Contrary to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in different age groups, most previously published educational programs for diabetic patients have been conducted for young or newly diagnosed patients. This study was performed to determine the effect of nutrition education programs on metabolic, anthropometric and blood-pressure indices of elderly individuals, aged above 60 years with type 2 diabetes. A hundred elderly diabetic patients participated in this interventional study. Data on the control and intervention groups was collected in two stages, before and 12 weeks after intervention. Intervention of nutrition education was performed based on the BASNEF model and, data collected were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test and the paired t-test. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in body weight [-1.3 kg], body mass index [-.48 kg/m2], triglycerides [-18.25 mg/dl], fasting plasma glucose [-19.5mg/dl], and HbA1c [-.36%]. A decrease in HDL [-1.02mg/dl, P= .9] and LDL [-4.04, P=.2] was also observed in the interventional group, although the change was not significant. No significant differences were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure [p>0.05]. Based on the results of the present study, short-term nutrition education can improve biochemical and anthropometric indice of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes
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In order to prevent obesity it is essential to identify its determinants. This study aimed to assess the association between duration of breastfeeding and subsequent obesity among female adolescents in Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected on 550 female adolescents aged 15-18 years selected by multistage cluster random sampling from Najafabad high schools. Anthropometric measurements were made and the body mass index [BMI] was calculated. Information on duration of breastfeeding and other required variables was collected by interviewing parents using questionnaires. Overweight and obesity were defined on the basis of TOTF cut-points. The mean [ +/- SD] duration of breastfeeding was 19.7 +/- 8.1 months, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity 20.5% and 6%, respectively. Breastfeeding as such [that is, without considering its duration], was significantly associated with a reduced risk of overweight or obesity [25.8% for breastfed, vs 50% for non-breastfed, adolescent, P = 0.02]. However, no statistically significant association was found between duration of breastfeeding and either overweight or obesity in the subjects [r= -0.007, P=0.87]. Our findings indicate that breastfeeding may reduce subsequent risk of obesity and overweight in female adolescents, although we found no association between duration of breastfeeding and adolescent overweight or obesity
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Drinking water quality after treatment and before reaching the consumer could be affected by distribution pipes, service lines and Home devices. The structure of water coolers, a home device that are widely used in warm months of the year, could potentially affect the quality of drinking water. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial and chemical quality of water from conventional water coolers. Water samples were collected from 29 water cooler systems at the Isfahan university of medical sciences. 29 control samples also obtained from the nearest drinking water taps. All samples were examined for total heterotrophic bacteria and physicochemical parameters including temperature, ph, turbidity and heavy metals. All samples from the water cooler systems complied with the EPA guidelines for total heterotrophic bacteria count. There were no significant differences between the levels of heavy metals in water samples from the water cooler systems and taps. There was only a significant difference between the level of Cu in the water samples from cooler systems and taps The overall results of this study indicated that the use of water cooler systems from hygienic point of view could not cause any problems for consumers
Subject(s)
Drinking , Metals, Heavy , Copper , Biofilms , Colony Count, Microbial , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program, based on Health Belief Model [HBM], on control sugar in women with type 2 diabetes. This perspective, quasi-experimental intervention study was carried out on 88 women with type 2 diabetes. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the health belief model, a checklist related to patient practices and recording patient HbAic and FBS levels. All group completed the questionnaire and checklist. Results were documented before and three months after intervention. The patients of the experimental group participated in 4 educational classes during the one month of intervention and again two months after, with 2 sessions as the follow up of the intervention. Data were collected and analyzed. Our findings indicated that mean scores of HBM Model variables, i.e susceptibility, severity, benefit and barriers perceived, were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to controls after intervention. Also, behavioral walking, rates of HbAic [before intervention - 9.59%, after three months - 8.63%] and FBS levels [before intervention 184.63, after three months 151.29] improved significantly among the experimental group, compared to controls [p < 0.001]. Applying the HBM Model proved is very effective in developing an educational program for diabetics, to control their blood sugar and enhance walking. Besides such programs, follow up education for controlling and monitoring are highly recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Blood Glucose , Surveys and Questionnaires , Walking , Health EducationABSTRACT
One of the manifestations of diabetes mellitus is pain, induced by poly neuropathy. Pain relief is obtained using different methods of symptomatic treatments, one of which is electroanalgsia, the use of which is a controversial issue among scientists and researchers. The aim of this research is to determine the efficacy and types of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation [TENS] on pain relief in painful diabetic poly neuropathy. The design of study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Forty one subjects with diabetic mellitus Type II, complaining of pain were selected, and assigned into three groups treated during two phases. Two kinds of Electrical Nerve Stimulation i.e. TENS and Diadynamic were given to two groups, and for the third we used sham stimulation. The outcome measure of the study was quality of pain [0-5] and visual analog scale [V.A.S.]. Data collection and analysis was done by SPSS software. Mean score of pain decreased in all groups after treatment, but no significant differences were seen between groups. Although, using TENS and diadynamic are beneficial in some patients conditions, no significant differences in the effects of either TENS or the diadynamic current, or the placebo on pain in diabetic patients were observed
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Pain , Diabetic Nephropathies , Placebos , Polyneuropathies , Double-Blind Method , Pain Measurement , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Teaching and learning are interdependent in educational process. Teaching effectiveness, therefore, is to be investigated both from teachers' and learners' viewpoints in order to achieve a better education. This study was conducted to determine and compare the factors related to effective clinical education from teachers' and students' viewpoints in School Of Nursing and Midwifery in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the population under the study was 53 faculty members and 118 senior students selected through purposeful sampling. The research environment consisted of teachers' offices, hospitals, and clinical centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire consisted of two parts of demographic feAutres and factors related to clinical education which contained 5 general areas of individual feAutres of the learner, clinical teacher, clinical environment, educational planning, and clinical evaluation. Questions related to each of these areas were scored based on a five point Scale. The questionnaires were distributed anonymously and gathered after one week. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. Mean of the scores in areas of factors related to the individual feAutres of the learner, clinical teacher, clinical environment, and educational planning were above 4 and only in the area of clinical evaluation it was 3.95 +/- 0.81 out of the total score 5. T-test results for four before mentioned areas were 0.46, 0.45, 0.53, and, 1.39, respectively and it was 0.38 for evaluation area which revealed no significant difference. Regarding the agreement of faculty members and students on the importance of these factors in clinical education, it is recommended to apply all these factors in order to promote the quality of clinical education
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical , Education, Medical/standards , Program Evaluation , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Identifying the factors leading to job satisfaction could be useful in increasing faculty members' job satisfaction and motivating them to perform their educational and research activities. This study was conducted to determine job satisfaction rate among faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2005-2006. In a descriptive study, 210 faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire including 45 items in the areas of salary and rewards, promotion opportunities, management stAuts and communications, job security, physical conditions, environment, and nAutre of the work was completed as self-administered. It was analyzed by SPSS software using frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation. The mean and standard deviation of faculty members' job satisfaction were 65.09 +/- 14.93 out of 100. The mean and standard deviation for the areas under investigation including nAutre of the work, manage-ment stAuts and communications, job security, salary and rewards, promotion opportunities, physical condi-tions and working environment were 82.5 +/- 13.31, 65.3 +/- 17.52, 63.99 +/- 21.64, 61.8 +/- 20.9, 58.7 +/- 20.05, and 58.02 +/- 21.49, respectively, out of the total score of 100. Faculty members were well satisfied with their jobs. Their satisfaction about the nAutre of their work was desirable, and about management stAuts, job security, and salary and rewards, was partially desirable. They were less satisfied with promotion opportunities and physical conditions of working environ-ment. Taking faculty members welfare into consideration and revising promotion procedures could improve the current situation
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Humans , Teaching , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Workplace , Universities , Schools, MedicalABSTRACT
Regular physical activity has a positive effect on physical, mental, and social health aspects of students and society; and presenting physical education course in universities plays an important role in achieving this goal. This study was performed with the aim to compare the effectiveness of two methods [Basnef and routine] of presenting physical education course on the attitude and practice of female students towards regular physical activity. In this quasi-experimental prospective study, all female students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [n=l 13] who had taken physical education [II] course in the first academic semester of 2006-2007 participated. Physical education classes were divided randomly into two experiment and control groups. The data gathering tools included two questionnaires, one for measuring attitude towards doing physical activity and also towards physical education course and one International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]. Students in the experiment group passed physical education course during two months based on BASNEF model and the control group passed the routine course during two months. All the participants were followed up 2 and 4 months after the end of the educational program. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. After the intervention, the experiment group achieved a significantly higher mean score in two areas of attitude toward physical education and physical activity compared to the control group. The total physical activities performed in the experiment group had a better distribution and was significantly better than the control group. Employing behavioral models such as BASNEF model may prove helpful in developing the curriculum of physical education [II] course
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Attitude , Motor Activity , Universities , Students , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Depression is among the most important barriers to proper treatment of cardiac patients causing failure in accepting their conditions, decreasing their motivation in following the therapeutic recommendations and thus negatively affects the patients' function and their quality of life. To investigate the effect of PRECEDE Model-based educational program on depression level in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery [CABGS] patients. This was a quasi-experimental study in which 54 post-bypass surgery patients of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center were investigated. The patients were randomly divided into two groups marked as intervention and control groups. The data were collected using two questionnaires. Primarily, the Cardiac Depression Scale Inventory questionnaire was used to measure the degree of depression followed by PRCEDE Model-based educational questionnaire to identify the role of educational intervention on patients. The PRECEDE Model-based intervention composed of nine educational sessions per week [60 to 90 min each]. The patients were followed up for two months post-intervention. Following the educational intervention, the mean score of Predisposing factors, Enabling factors, Reinforcing factors, and self-helping behaviors was significantly increased in intervention group compared to control group [p<0.001]. Also, a significant difference associated with the mean score of depression level in patients was demonstrated between two groups following the educational intervention [p<0.001] The findings of current study confirmed the practicability and effectiveness of the PRECEDE Model-based educational program on preventing or declining the depression level in CABGS patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression , Education , Surveys and Questionnaires , Models, EducationalABSTRACT
Current evidence suggests that stressful experiences may affect both onset and exacerbation of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the number of stressful life events and prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders [IGT, Diabetes] In this cross sectional study, 35-55 year old first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics without history of diabetes were included. Questionaires of stressful life events, physical activity and basic chacteristics were completed. Waist and hip circumference was also measured and OGTT was performed in all patients. Of 477 participants, 288, 146 and 43 were normal, IGT and diabetics respectively; the mean number of stressful events for these groups was 3.15, 3.55, 3.91 [P=0.016], respectively. The prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders was 26.8 in those who reported no stress and 41.5% in participants with stressful events [p=0.03]. The prevalence of diabetes was 25.6% vs. 3.2% in subjects with 8 or more stressful events in comparison to subjects with less than 8 stressful events. Considering the probable contribution of stress in the development of diabetes, it is suggested to evaluate the relationship between stress and diabetes as well as the role of education on coping with stress in diabetes prevention, specially in high risk groups, in a more precise manner
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Life Change Events , Glucose Tolerance Test , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Glucose IntoleranceABSTRACT
Due to high percentage of lower Limb amputations specially traumatic transtibial sections, the application of foot in below knee prosthesis in highly important are of these foots which are used commonly by prosthetics is SACH foot. The aim of this research is to compare the functional moment and physics of two SACH foot made by Iran and Germany which have the same Strictures. The study was Performed on 14 male individuals with below knee amputation [25 - 50 years old]. After second references of each patient and completing a questionnaire necessary information gathered and recorded by associated instruments such as Gait Analyzer and Dynamometer. Then results were analyzed by paired t-test. It was revealed that velocity of ankle, knee and hip joints in all cases with German prosthesis is highly more than Iranian type. Acceleration of hip joint in first and second part of time in German prosthesis was more but it was not in the third part. Acceleration of knee joint in German type is more only in the second part of movement time. Power distribution in anterior part of German type is significantly less than Iranian rival. The result of this study shows that German prosthesis is superior in forms of power, velocity of acceleration measured by gait analyzer and dynamometry